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Breast reconstruction with synthetic implants was first described in the 1960s. It was initially a single staged placement of a permanent implant performed at the time of mastectomy. It has now evolved into a multi-stage process of expander placement with tissue expansion over several weeks to months, culminating in exchanging the tissue expander for the permanent implant. This is a commonly utilized option for selected patients undergoing mastectomy due to the relatively uncomplicated nature of the procedure, which adds little extra time to the initial mastectomy. The expanders can also be placed after initial resection as a delayed repair, with the subsequent exchange for the permanent implant.
Taylor EM, Wilkins EG, Pusic AL, Qi J, Kim HM, Hamill JB, Guldbrandsen GE, Chun YS. Impact of Unilateral versus Bilateral Breast Reconstruction on Procedure Choices and Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Jun;143(6):1159e-1168e.
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Becker H, Mathew PJ. Immediate Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction in Suboptimal Patients Using an Air-filled Spacer. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2019 Oct;7(10):e2470.
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Kalus R, Dixon Swartz J, Metzger SC. Optimizing Safety, Predictability, and Aesthetics in Direct to Implant Immediate Breast Reconstruction: Evolution of Surgical Technique. Ann Plast Surg. 2016 Jun;76 Suppl 4:S320-7.
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