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. 2017 Dec;6(2):273-280.
doi: 10.1007/s40119-017-0093-7. Epub 2017 Jun 14.

Medical Therapy and Recurrent Ischemic Events in High Risk Patients Surviving their Myocardial Infarction for at Least 12 Months: Comparison of Patients with ST Elevation Versus Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Uwe Zeymer  1 , Katrin Riedel  2 , Michael Hahn  2
Affiliations

Medical Therapy and Recurrent Ischemic Events in High Risk Patients Surviving their Myocardial Infarction for at Least 12 Months: Comparison of Patients with ST Elevation Versus Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Uwe Zeymer et al. Cardiol Ther. 2017 Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: Data about treatments and recurrent ischemic events in patients surviving their most recent myocardial infarction event-free for at least 12 months are scarce.

Methods: In a retrospective data analysis, charts of patients who had a myocardial infarction 1-3 years ago with an event-free period of at least 12 months after the index event and at least one high risk factor were centrally collected and analyzed. Here we compare patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) versus non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Results: A total of 666 patients, 342 with STEMI and 324 with NSTEMI, were included. Revascularization procedures for the index event were performed in 89% of patients with STEMI and 72% of patients with NSTEMI. About 62% of patients were still on dual antiplatelet therapy after 12 months, predominantly with aspirin and clopidogrel. This rate declined to 30% after 18 months. Patients with STEMI had a higher mortality (19% versus 13%, p = 0.04) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event rate (MACCE; 33% versus 23%, p = 0.03) during follow-up up to 36 months, while there were no significant differences with respect to recurrent myocardial infarction or stroke. The number of high risk factors was closely linked to the rate of MACCE at follow up.

Conclusions: Patients surviving their myocardial infarction without any further event during the first 12 months have a high rate of recurrent ischemic events in both STEMI and NSTEMI cases during subsequent follow-up. Therefore, secondary prevention therapies should be continued even one year after myocardial infarction, which might improve outcomes.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Prognosis; Secondary prevention.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Rate of patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy >12 months until 18 months after the most recent myocardial infarction
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a, b Cumulative rate of MACCE (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or death) >12 months after myocardial infarction in patients with STEMI versus NSTEMI (Fig. 1a) and in the total population according to the number of risk factors (age >65 years, type-2 diabetes mellitus, second myocardial infarction, impaired renal function = GFR < 60 ml/min) or multivessel coronary artery disease). In the x-axis 0 depicts 12 months after the index events
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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