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. 2017 Jul;23(7):1139-1147.
doi: 10.3201/eid2307.170060.

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections at a Provincial Reference Hospital, Cambodia

Maryline Bonnet, Kim Chamroeun San, Yati Pho, Chandara Sok, Jean-Philippe Dousset, William Brant, Northan Hurtado, Khun Kim Eam, Elisa Ardizzoni, Seiha Heng, Sylvain Godreuil, Wing-Wai Yew, Cathy Hewison

Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections at a Provincial Reference Hospital, Cambodia

Maryline Bonnet et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) disease is poorly documented in countries with high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). We describe prevalence, risk factors, and TB program implications for NTM isolates and disease in Cambodia. A prospective cohort of 1,183 patients with presumptive TB underwent epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic evaluation, including >12-months of follow-up for patients with NTM isolates. Prevalence of NTM isolates was 10.8% and of disease was 0.9%; 217 (18.3%) patients had TB. Of 197 smear-positive patients, 171 (86.8%) had TB confirmed (167 by culture and 4 by Xpert MTB/RIF assay only) and 11 (5.6%) had NTM isolates. HIV infection and past TB were independently associated with having NTM isolates. Improved detection of NTM isolates in Cambodia might require more systematic use of mycobacterial culture and the use of Xpert MTB/RIF to confirm smear-positive TB cases, especially in patients with HIV infection or a history of TB.

Keywords: Cambodia; NTM; TB; bacteria; infectious diseases; limited-resource countries; nontuberculous mycobacteria; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.

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Figures

Figure
Figure
Schematic summary of results from study of NTM infections at Kampong Cham Provincial Reference Hospital, Cambodia, October 1, 2012–April 21, 2014. MTBc, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; NTM, nontuberculous mycobacteria; TB, tuberculosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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