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. 2017 Jun;6(6):385-390.
doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.66.BJR-2017-0023.

Stem cell therapy for enhancement of bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis: A contemporary review of experimental studies

Y Yang  1 , S Lin  2 , B Wang  2 , W Gu  3 , G Li  4
Affiliations

Stem cell therapy for enhancement of bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis: A contemporary review of experimental studies

Y Yang et al. Bone Joint Res. 2017 Jun.

Abstract

Objectives: Distraction osteogenesis (DO) mobilises bone regenerative potential and avoids the complications of other treatments such as bone graft. The major disadvantage of DO is the length of time required for bone consolidation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to promote bone formation with some good results.

Methods: We hereby review the published literature on the use of MSCs in promoting bone consolidation during DO.

Results: Studies differed in animal type (mice, rabbit, dog, sheep), bone type (femur, tibia, skull), DO protocols and cell transplantation methods.

Conclusion: The majority of studies reported that the transplantation of MSCs enhanced bone consolidation or formation in DO. Many questions relating to animal model, DO protocol and cell transplantation regime remain to be further investigated. Clinical trials are needed to test and confirm these findings from animal studies.Cite this article: Y. Yang, S. Lin, B. Wang, W. Gu, G. Li. Stem cell therapy for enhancement of bone consolidation in distraction osteogenesis: A contemporary review of experimental studies. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:385-390. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.66.BJR-2017-0023.

Keywords: Bone consolidation; Bone formation; Distraction osteogenesis; Mesenchymal stem cells; Tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest Statement: None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Summary of studies on the cell therapy including time and number of transplanted cells used.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The role of MSCs in bone defect. MSCs are maintained in quiescence and transiently activated by damage. The use of MSCs to treat damage is attractive as it would implement a reparative process that should be in place and time. MSCs improved the damage healing affecting the callus. Regeneration is followed by two steps, increased migration and proliferation. MSC migration at the defect site is time-and dose-dependent. They must self-renew to produce more stem cells, maintaining tissue homeostasis. MSCs possess the capability to differentiate directly into subsequently bone-forming osteoblasts.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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