Real-Time Cell Cycle Imaging in a 3D Cell Culture Model of Melanoma

Abstract

Aberrant cell cycle progression is a hallmark of solid tumors; therefore, cell cycle analysis is an invaluable technique to study cancer cell biology. However, cell cycle progression has been most commonly assessed by methods that are limited to temporal snapshots or that lack spatial information. Here, we describe a technique that allows spatiotemporal real-time tracking of cell cycle progression of individual cells in a multicellular context. The power of this system lies in the use of 3D melanoma spheroids generated from melanoma cells engineered with the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI). This technique allows us to gain further and more detailed insight into several relevant aspects of solid cancer cell biology, such as tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and drug sensitivity.

Keywords: 3D spheroid; Cancer drug resistance; Fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI); Invasion; Migration; Real-time imaging; Tumor heterogeneity; Tumor microenvironment.