Phosphonium Salts as Pseudohalides: Regioselective Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Complex Pyridines and Diazines

Abstract

Heterobiaryls are important pharmacophores that are challenging to prepare by traditional cross-coupling methods. An alternative approach is presented where pyridines and diazines are converted into heteroaryl phosphonium salts and coupled with aryl boronic acids. Nickel catalysts are unique for selective heteroaryl transfer, and the reaction has a broad substrate scope that includes complex pharmaceuticals. Phosphonium ions also display orthogonal reactivity in cross-couplings compared to halides, enabling chemoselective palladium- and nickel-catalyzed coupling sequences.

Keywords: cross-coupling; diazines; nickel catalysis; phosphonium salts; pyridines.