Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2017 Jun 22;6(6):CD012651.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012651.

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years

Emma Mead  1 , Tamara Brown, Karen Rees, Liane B Azevedo, Victoria Whittaker, Dan Jones, Joan Olajide, Giulia M Mainardi, Eva Corpeleijn, Claire O'Malley, Elizabeth Beardsmore, Lena Al-Khudairy, Louise Baur, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, Alessandro Demaio, Louisa J Ells
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese children from the age of 6 to 11 years

Emma Mead et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Child and adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. This is an update of a Cochrane review published first in 2003, and updated previously in 2009. However, the update has now been split into six reviews addressing different childhood obesity treatments at different ages.

Objectives: To assess the effects of diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions (behaviour-changing interventions) for the treatment of overweight or obese children aged 6 to 11 years.

Search methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS as well as trial registers ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP Search Portal. We checked references of studies and systematic reviews. We did not apply any language restrictions. The date of the last search was July 2016 for all databases.

Selection criteria: We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions (behaviour-changing interventions) for treating overweight or obese children aged 6 to 11 years, with a minimum of six months' follow-up. We excluded interventions that specifically dealt with the treatment of eating disorders or type 2 diabetes, or included participants with a secondary or syndromic cause of obesity.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently screened references, extracted data, assessed risk of bias, and evaluated the quality of the evidence using the GRADE instrument. We contacted study authors for additional information. We carried out meta-analyses according to the statistical guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.

Main results: We included 70 RCTs with a total of 8461 participants randomised to either the intervention or control groups. The number of participants per trial ranged from 16 to 686. Fifty-five trials compared a behaviour-changing intervention with no treatment/usual care control and 15 evaluated the effectiveness of adding an additional component to a behaviour-changing intervention. Sixty-four trials were parallel RCTs, and four were cluster RCTs. Sixty-four trials were multicomponent, two were diet only and four were physical activity only interventions. Ten trials had more than two arms. The overall quality of the evidence was low or very low and 62 trials had a high risk of bias for at least one criterion. Total duration of trials ranged from six months to three years. The median age of participants was 10 years old and the median BMI z score was 2.2.Primary analyses demonstrated that behaviour-changing interventions compared to no treatment/usual care control at longest follow-up reduced BMI, BMI z score and weight. Mean difference (MD) in BMI was -0.53 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.82 to -0.24); P < 0.00001; 24 trials; 2785 participants; low-quality evidence. MD in BMI z score was -0.06 units (95% CI -0.10 to -0.02); P = 0.001; 37 trials; 4019 participants; low-quality evidence and MD in weight was -1.45 kg (95% CI -1.88 to -1.02); P < 0.00001; 17 trials; 1774 participants; low-quality evidence.Thirty-one trials reported on serious adverse events, with 29 trials reporting zero occurrences RR 0.57 (95% CI 0.17 to 1.93); P = 0.37; 4/2105 participants in the behaviour-changing intervention groups compared with 7/1991 participants in the comparator groups). Few trials reported health-related quality of life or behaviour change outcomes, and none of the analyses demonstrated a substantial difference in these outcomes between intervention and control. In two trials reporting on minutes per day of TV viewing, a small reduction of 6.6 minutes per day (95% CI -12.88 to -0.31), P = 0.04; 2 trials; 55 participants) was found in favour of the intervention. No trials reported on all-cause mortality, morbidity or socioeconomic effects, and few trials reported on participant views; none of which could be meta-analysed.As the meta-analyses revealed substantial heterogeneity, we conducted subgroup analyses to examine the impact of type of comparator, type of intervention, risk of attrition bias, setting, duration of post-intervention follow-up period, parental involvement and baseline BMI z score. No subgroup effects were shown for any of the subgroups on any of the outcomes. Some data indicated that a reduction in BMI immediately post-intervention was no longer evident at follow-up at less than six months, which has to be investigated in further trials.

Authors' conclusions: Multi-component behaviour-changing interventions that incorporate diet, physical activity and behaviour change may be beneficial in achieving small, short-term reductions in BMI, BMI z score and weight in children aged 6 to 11 years. The evidence suggests a very low occurrence of adverse events. The quality of the evidence was low or very low. The heterogeneity observed across all outcomes was not explained by subgrouping. Further research is required of behaviour-changing interventions in lower income countries and in children from different ethnic groups; also on the impact of behaviour-changing interventions on health-related quality of life and comorbidities. The sustainability of reduction in BMI/BMI z score and weight is a key consideration and there is a need for longer-term follow-up and further research on the most appropriate forms of post-intervention maintenance in order to ensure intervention benefits are sustained over the longer term.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

EM: none known.

TB: none known.

KR: none known.

LA: none known.

VW: none known.

DJ: none known.

JO: none known.

GM: none known.

EC: none known.

CM: none known.

EB: none known.

LA‐K: none known.

LB: is a co‐author on two of the included studies (McCallum 2007; Wake 2009).

MIM: none known.

Disclaimer: Alessandro Demaio is currently a staff member of the World Health Organization. The author alone is responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the World Health Organization.

LE: is seconded to Public Health England part‐time as a specialist obesity advisor. The author received funding from WHO to complete this review. Louisa Ells also has a part time secondment to Public Health England, but undertook this review within her role at Teesside University.

Figures

1
1
Trial flow diagram
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies (blank cells indicate that the particular outcome was not investigated in some studies)
3
3
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study (blank cells indicate that the study did not report that particular outcome)
4
4
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Lifestyle intervention versus no treatment/usual care, outcome: 1.1 Change in BMI (all trials) (kg/m²)
5
5
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Lifestyle intervention versus no treatment/usual care, outcome: 1.2 Change in BMI z score (all trials)
6
6
Forest plot of comparison: 1 Lifestyle intervention versus no treatment/usual care, outcome: 1.3 Change in weight (all trials)
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 1 Change in BMI (all trials).
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 2 Change in BMI z score (all trials).
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 3 Change in weight (all trials).
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 4 Serious adverse events.
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 5 Health‐related quality of life (parent‐report measures).
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 6 Health‐related quality of life (child‐report measures).
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 7 Self‐esteem (Harter global score).
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 8 Waist circumference.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 9 Overweight.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 10 Body fat.
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 11 Diet.
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 12 Television viewing.
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 13 Physical activity (accelerometer MVPA).
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 14 Change in BMI ‐ type of control.
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 15 Change in BMI z score ‐ type of control.
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 16 Change in weight ‐ type of control.
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 17 Change in BMI ‐ type of intervention.
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 18 Change in BMI z score ‐ type of intervention.
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 19 Change in weight ‐ type of intervention.
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 20 Change in BMI ‐ attrition bias.
1.21
1.21. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 21 Change in BMI z score ‐ attrition bias.
1.22
1.22. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 22 Change in weight ‐ attrition bias.
1.23
1.23. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 23 Change in weight ‐ setting.
1.24
1.24. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 24 Change in BMI z score ‐ setting.
1.25
1.25. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 25 Change in BMI ‐ setting.
1.26
1.26. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 26 Change in BMI ‐ post‐intervention follow‐up.
1.27
1.27. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 27 Change in BMI z score ‐ post‐intervention follow‐up.
1.28
1.28. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 28 Change in weight ‐ post‐intervention follow‐up.
1.29
1.29. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 29 Change in BMI ‐ type of parental involvement.
1.30
1.30. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 30 Change in BMI z score ‐ type of parental involvement.
1.31
1.31. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 31 Change in weight ‐ type of parental involvement.
1.32
1.32. Analysis
Comparison 1 Behaviour‐changing interventions versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 32 Change in BMI z score ‐ baseline BMI z score.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Behaviour‐changing interventions plus component versus behaviour‐changing intervention without component, Outcome 1 Change in BMI.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Behaviour‐changing interventions plus component versus behaviour‐changing intervention without component, Outcome 2 Change in BMI z score.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Behaviour‐changing interventions plus component versus behaviour‐changing intervention without component, Outcome 3 Change in weight.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Cluster RCTs versus comparator, Outcome 1 Change in BMI.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Maintenance intervention versus no treatment/usual care, Outcome 1 Change in BMI z score.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

References to studies included in this review

Alves 2008 {published data only}
    1. Alves JG, Gale CR, Souza E, Batty GD. Effect of physical exercise on bodyweight in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial in a Brazilian slum [Efeito do exercício físico sobre peso corporal em crianças com excesso de peso: ensaio clínico comunitário randomizado em uma favela no Brasil]. Cadernos de Saude Publica 2008;24(Suppl 2):S353‐9. - PubMed
Arauz Boudreau 2013 {published data only}
    1. Arauz Boudreau AD, Kurowski DS, Gonzalez WI, Dimond MA, Oreskovic NM. Latino families, primary care, and childhood obesity: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013;44(3 Suppl 3):S247‐57. - PMC - PubMed
Barkin 2011 {published data only}
    1. Barkin SL, Gesell SB, Poe EK, Ip EH. Changing overweight Latino preadolescent body mass index: the effect of the parent‐child dyad. Clinical Pediatrics 2011;50(1):29‐36. - PMC - PubMed
Bathrellou 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bathrellou E, Yannakoulia M, Papanikolaou K, Pehlivanidis A, Pervanidou P, Kanaka‐Gantenbein C, et al. Development of a multi‐disciplinary intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity based on cognitive behavioral therapy. Child & Family Behavior Therapy 2010;32(1):34–50.
    1. Bathrellou E, Yannakoulia M, Papanikolaou K, Pehlivanidis A, Pervanidou P, Kanaka‐Gantenbein C, et al. Parental involvement does not augment the effectiveness of an intense behavioral program for the treatment of childhood obesity. Hormones 2010;9(2):171‐5. - PubMed
Berry 2007 {published data only}
    1. Berry D, Savoye M, Melkus G, Grey M. An intervention for multiethnic obese parents and overweight children. Applied Nursing Research 2007;20(2):63‐71. - PMC - PubMed
Berry 2014 {published data only}
    1. Berry D, McMurray R, Schwartz TA, Skelly A, Sanchez M, Neal M, et al. Rationale, design, methodology and sample characteristics for the family partners for health study: a cluster randomised controlled study. BMC public health 2012;12:250. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Berry DC, Schwartz TA, McMurray RG, Skelly AH, Neal M, Hall, EG, et al. The family partners for health study: a cluster randomized controlled trial for child and parent weight management. Nutrition & Diabetes 2014;4:e101. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01378806. Family partners for health (WEIGHT). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01378806 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Boutelle 2014 {published data only}
    1. Boutelle KN, Zucker N, Peterson CB, Rydell S, Carlson J, Harnack LJ. An intervention based on Schachter's externality theory for overweight children: the regulation of cues pilot. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 2014;39(4):405‐17. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01442142. A study to determine the effectiveness of a self‐regulation program to treat pediatric obesity (ROC). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01442142 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Bryant 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bryant M, Farrin A, Christie D, Jebb SA, Cooper AR, Rudolf M. Results of a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) for WATCH IT: a programme for obese children and adolescents. Clinical Trials 2011;8(6):755‐64. - PMC - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN95431788. Empowering parents of obese children: development and controlled evaluation of an obesity‐specific parenting skills training. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN95431788 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Rudolf M, Christie D, McElhone S, Sahota P, Dixey R, Walker J, et al. Watch It: a community based programme for obese children and adolescents. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2006;91(9):736–9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Spoor C, Sahota P, Wellings C, Rudolf MC. Costing a pilot complex community‐based childhood obesity intervention. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2013;26(2):126–31. - PubMed
    1. Twiddy M, Wilson I, Bryant M, Rudolf M. Lessons learned from a family focused weight management intervention for obese and overweight children. Public Health Nutrition 2012;15(7):1310‐7. - PubMed
Coppins 2011 {published data only}
    1. Coppins DF, Margetts BM, Fa JL, Brown M, Garrett F, Huelin S. Effectiveness of a multi‐disciplinary family‐based programme for treating childhood obesity (the Family Project). European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011;65(8):903‐9. - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN55734850. Comparing the effectiveness of multidisciplinary family approach with traditional dietetic treatment in managing the weight of overweight or obese children. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN55734850 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Croker 2012 {published data only}
    1. Croker H, Viner RM, Nicholls D, Haroun D, Chadwick P, Edwards C, et al. Family‐based behavioural treatment of childhood obesity in a UK National Health Service setting: randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity 2012;36(1):16‐26. - PMC - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN51382628. Treating childhood obesity: a randomised, controlled trial of a family‐based behavioural treatment. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN51382628 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Davis 2013 {published data only}
    1. Davis AM, Sampilo M, Gallagher KS, Landrum Y, Malone B. Treating rural pediatric obesity through telemedicine: outcomes from a small randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2013;38(9):932‐43. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Gallagher KS, Davis AM, Malone B, Landrum Y, Black W. Treating rural pediatric obesity through telemedicine: baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2011;36(6):687‐95. - PMC - PubMed
Davoli 2013 {published data only}
    1. Broccoli S, Davoli AM, Bonvicini L, Fabbri A, Ferrari E, Montagna G, et al. Motivational interviewing to treat overweight children: 24‐month follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2016;137(1):e2 0151979. - PubMed
    1. Davoli AM, Broccoli S, Bonvicini L, Fabbri A, Ferrari E, D’Angelo S, et al. Pediatrician‐led motivational interviewing to treat overweight children: an RCT. Pediatrics 2013;132(5):e1236‐46. - PubMed
    1. NCT01822626. Pediatrician‐lead motivational counselling to control BMI in overweight children: a RCT in primary care. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01822626 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
de Niet 2012 {published data only}
    1. Niet J, Timman R, Bauer S, Akker E, Buijks H, Klerk C, et al. The effect of a short message service maintenance treatment on body mass index and psychological well‐being in overweight and obese children: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Obesity 2012;7(3):205‐19. - PubMed
    1. Niet J, Timman R, Bauer S, Akker E, Klerk C, Kordy H, et al. Short message service reduces dropout in childhood obesity treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Health Psychology 2012;31(6):797‐805. - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN33476574. A pilot study of the effectiveness of maintenance treatment by short message service (SMS) in overweight and obese children after short‐term multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural group therapy. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN33476574 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Diaz 2010 {published data only}
    1. Diaz RG, Esparza‐Romero J, Moya‐Camarena SY, Robles‐Sardin AE, Valencia ME. Lifestyle intervention in primary care settings improves obesity parameters among Mexican youth. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2010;110(2):285‐90. - PubMed
    1. Díaz‐Zavala RG, Esparza‐Romero J, Moya‐Camarena SY, Quihui L, Cisneros‐Tapia R, Valencia ME. Lifestyle intervention in primary care settings improves obesity parameters among Mexican youth [Mejora en la sensibilidad a la insulina con un programa intensivo de cambio en el estilo de vida para control de obesidad en niños y adolescentes en el primer nivel de atención]. Archivos Latino Americanos de Nutricion 2012;62(3):258‐66. - PubMed
Duffy 1993 {published data only}
    1. Duffy G, Spence SH. The effectiveness of cognitive self management as an adjunct to a behavioural intervention for childhood obesity: a research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 1993;34(6):1043‐50. - PubMed
Duggins 2010 {published data only}
    1. Duggins M, Cherven P, Carrithers J, Messamore J, Harvey A. Impact of family YMCA membership on childhood obesity: a randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2010;23(3):323‐33. - PubMed
Eddy Ives 2012 {published data only}
    1. Eddy Ives L, Moral Peláez I, Brotons Cuixar C, Frutos Gallego E, Calvo Terrades C, Curell Aguilà, N. Lifestyle habits in overweight and obese adolescents (Obescat Study) [Hábitos de estilo de vida en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad (Estudio Obescat)]. Revista Pediatría de Atención Primaria 2012;14:127‐37.
    1. Eddy LS, Moral I, Frutos E, Brotons C, Calvo M, Aloy G. Evaluation of self‐awareness of adolescents with overweight and obesity (Obescat Study) [Avaluació de l’autoconcepte dels adolescents amb excésde pes (Estudi Obescat)]. Pediatria Catalana 2013;73(3):107‐12.
    1. ISRCTN35399598. OBESCAT Study 2006: randomised clinical trial to assess the efficacy of an intervention in order to reduce the body mass index in adolescents in Catalonia. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN35399598 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Epstein 1984a {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Kuller LH, Wing RR, Valoski A, McCurley J. The effect of weight control on lipid changes in obese children. American journal of diseases of children 1989;143(4):454‐7. - PubMed
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Koeske R, Valoski A. Effects of diet plus exercise on weight change in parents and children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1984;52(3):429‐37. - PubMed
Epstein 1985a {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Koeske R, Valoski A. A comparison of lifestyle exercise, aerobic exercise, and calisthenics on weight loss in obese children. Behaviour Therapy 1985;16(4):345‐56.
Epstein 1985b {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Penner BC, Kress MJ. Effect of diet and controlled exercise on weight loss in obese children. The Journal of Pediatrics 1985;107(3):358‐61. - PubMed
Epstein 1985c {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Woodall K, Penner BC, Kress MJ, Koeske R. Effects of family‐based behavioural treatment on obese 5‐to‐8‐year‐old children. Behaviour Therapy 1985;16(2):205‐12.
Epstein 2000a {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Gordy CC, Saelens BE, Ernst MM. Problem solving in the treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000;68(4):717‐21. - PubMed
    1. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Saelens BE, Ernst MM, Wifley DE. Changes in eating disorder symptoms with pediatric obesity treatment. Journal of Pediatrics 2001;139(1):58‐65. - PubMed
Epstein 2001 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Raynor HA. Sex differences in obese children and siblings in family‐based obesity treatment. Obesity 2001;9(12):746‐53. - PubMed
Epstein 2005 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Roemmich JN, Stein RI, Paluch RA, Kilanowski CK. The challenge of identifying behavioral alternatives to food: clinic and field studies. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2005;30(3):201‐9. - PubMed
Epstein 2015 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Kilanowski C, Paluch RA, Raynor H, Daniel TO. Reducing variety enhances effectiveness of family‐based treatment for pediatric obesity. Eating Behaviors 2015;17:140‐3. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01208870. Translating habituation research to interventions for pediatric obesity (EAT). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01208870 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Faude 2010 {published data only}
    1. Faude O, Kerper O, Multhaupt M, Winter C, Beziel K, Junge A, et al. Football to tackle overweight in children. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2010;20(Suppl 1):103‐10. - PubMed
Flodmark 1993 {published data only}
    1. Flodmark CE, Ohlsson T, Ryden O, Sveger T. Prevention of progression to severe obesity in a group of obese schoolchildren treated with family therapy. Pediatrics 1993;91(5):880‐4. - PubMed
Gillis 2007 {published data only}
    1. Gillis D, Brauner M, Granot E. A community‐based behavior modification intervention for childhood obesity. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 2007;20(2):197‐203. - PubMed
Gunnarsdottir 2011a {published data only}
    1. Gunnarsdottir T, Sigurdardottir ZG, Njardvik U, Olafsdottir AS, Bjarnason R. A randomized‐controlled pilot study of Epstein's family‐based behavioural treatment for childhood obesity in a clinical setting in Iceland. Nordic Psychology 2011;63(1):6‐19.
Hamilton‐Shield 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hamilton‐Shield J, Goodred J, Powell L, Thorn J, Banks J, Hollinghurst S, et al. Changing eating behaviours to treat childhood obesity in the community using Mandolean: the Community Mandolean randomised controlled trial (ComMando) ‐ a pilot study. Health Technology Assessment 2014;18(47):1‐75. - PMC - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN90561114. Changing eating behaviours to treat childhood obesity in the community using Mandolean. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN90561114 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Ho 2016 {published data only}
    1. Ho J, Pedersen SD, Virtanen H, Nettel‐Aguirre A, Huang C. Family intervention for obese/overweight children using portion control strategy (FOCUS) for weight control: a randomised controlled trial. Global Pediatric Health 2016;3:1‐7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00881478. Family intervention for obese children using portion control strategy for weight control (FOCUS). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00881478 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Hughes 2008 {published data only}
    1. Hughes AR, Stewart L, Chapple J, McColl JH, Donaldson MD, Kelnar CJ, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of a best‐practice individualized behavioral program for treatment of childhood overweight: Scottish Childhood Overweight Treatment Trial (SCOTT). Pediatrics 2008;121(3):e539‐46. - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN41383109. Scottish childhood obesity treatment trial. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN41383109 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Stewart L, Chapple J, Hughes A, Poustie V, Reilly JJ. Parents' journey through treatment for their child's obesity: a qualitative study. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2008;93(1):35‐9. - PubMed
    1. Stewart L, Chapple J, Hughes A, Poustie V, Reilly JJ. The use of behavioural change techniques in treatment of paediatric obesity: qualitative evaluation of parental perspectives on treatment. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2008;21(5):464‐73. - PubMed
    1. Stewart L, Houghton J, Hughes AR, Pearson D, Reilly JJ. Dietetic management of pediatric overweight: development and description of a practical and evidence‐based behavioral approach. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2005;105(11):1810‐5. - PubMed
Kalarchian 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kalarchian MA, Levine MD, Arslanian SA, Ewing LJ, Houck PR, Cheng Y, et al. Family‐based treatment of severe pediatric obesity: randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2009;124(4):1060‐8. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00177229. KidQuest family‐based weight control. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00177229 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Wildes JE, Marcus MD, Kalarchian MA, Levine MD, Houck PR, Cheng Y. Self‐reported binge eating in severe pediatric obesity: impact on weight change in a randomized controlled trial of family‐based treatment. International of Journal of Obesity 2010;34(7):1143‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Kalavainen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Heale R. A group intervention for parents and children achieved greater weight loss in obese children than routine care. Evidence Based Nursing 2008;11:43. - PubMed
    1. Kalavainen M, Karjalainen S, Martikainen J, Korppi M, Linnosmaa I, Nuutinen O. Cost‐effectiveness of routine and group programs for treatment of obese children. Pediatrics International 2009;51(5):606‐11. - PubMed
    1. Kalavainen M, Korppi M, Nuutinen O. Long‐term efficacy of group‐based treatment for childhood obesity compared with routinely given individual counselling. International Journal of Obesity 2011;35(4):530‐3. - PubMed
    1. Kalavainen M, Utriainen P, Vanninen E, Korppi M, Nuutinen O. Impact of childhood obesity treatment on body composition and metabolic profile. World Journal of Pediatrics 2012;8:31‐7. - PubMed
    1. Kalavainen MP, Korppi MO, Nuutinen OM. Clinical efficacy of group‐based treatment for childhood obesity compared with routinely given individual counseling. International Journal of Obesity 2007;31(10):1500‐8. - PubMed
Kirk 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kirk S, Brehm B, Saelens BE, Woo JG, Kissel E, D'Alessio D, et al. Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Pediatrics 2012;161(2):320‐327.e1. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00215111. Role of carbohydrate modification in weight management among obese children. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00215111 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Larsen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Larsen LM, Hertel NT, Mølgaard C, Christensen RD, Husby S, Jarbøl DE. Early intervention for childhood overweight: a randomized trial in general practice. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 2015;33(3):184‐90. - PMC - PubMed
Lison 2012 {published data only}
    1. Lison JF, Real‐Montes JM, Torro I, Arguisuelas MD, Alvarez‐Pitti J, Martinez‐Gramage J, et al. Exercise intervention in childhood obesity: a randomized controlled trial comparing hospital‐versus home‐based groups. Academic Pediatrics 2012;12(4):319‐25. - PubMed
    1. NCT01503281. Effects of group vs. home‐based combined exercise‐diet program in childhood obesity: a randomised controlled trial. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01503281 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Lochrie 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lochrie AS, Wysocki T, Hossain J, Milkes A, Antal H, Buckloh L, et al. The effects of a family‐based intervention (FBI) for overweight/obese children on health and psychological functioning. Psychology 2013;1(2):159‐70.
    1. NCT01146314. A family based intervention to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in children (FBI). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01146314 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Looney 2014 {published data only}
    1. Looney SM, Raynor HA. Examining the effect of three low‐intensity pediatric obesity interventions a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Pediatrics 2014;53(14):1367‐74. - PubMed
    1. NCT01358448. A pilot study of the efficacy and program cost‐effectiveness of prevention plus for childhood obesity. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01358448 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Maddison 2011 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12607000632493. Electronic games to aid motivation to exercise (eGAME). www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=82468 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Foley L, Jiang Y, Ni Mhurchu C, Jull A, Prapavessis H, Rodgers A, et al. The effect of active video games by ethnicity, sex and fitness: subgroup analysis from a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity 2014;11(1):46. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Maddison R, Foley L, Jiang Y, Ni Mhurchu C, Jull A, Rodgers A, et al. Electronic games to aid motivation to exercise: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity Reviews 2010;11:50.
    1. Maddison R, Foley L, Mhurchu CN, Jull A, Jiang Y, Prapavessis H, et al. Feasibility, design and conduct of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial to reduce overweight and obesity in children: the electronic games to aid motivation to exercise (eGAME) study. BMC Public Health 2009;9:146. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Maddison R, Foley L, Ni Mhurchu C, Jiang Y, Jull A, Prapavessis H, et al. Effects of active video games on body composition: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011;94(1):156‐63. - PubMed
Maddison 2014 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12611000164998. Screen‐time weight‐loss intervention targeting children at home. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=336430 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Maddison R, Marsh S, Foley L, Epstein LH, Olds T, Dewes O, et al. Screen‐Time Weight‐loss Intervention Targeting Children at Home (SWITCH): a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2014;11:111. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Maddison R, Mhurchu CN, Foley L, Epstein L, Jiang Y, Tsai M, et al. Screen‐time weight‐loss intervention targeting children at home (SWITCH): a randomized controlled trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2011;11:524. - PMC - PubMed
Markert 2014 {published data only}
    1. DRKS00000803. T.A.F.F. ‐ Telephone‐based adiposity prevention for families. apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00000803 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Markert J, Alff F, Zschaler S, Gausche R, Kiess W, Blüher S. Prevention of childhood obesity: recruiting strategies via local paediatricians and study protocol for a telephone‐based counselling programme. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2013;7(6):e476–86. - PubMed
    1. Markert J, Herget S, Petroff D, Gausche R, Grimm A, Kiess W, et al. Telephone‐based adiposity prevention for families with overweight children (T.A.F.F.‐Study): one year outcome of a randomized, controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health 2014;11(10):10327‐44. - PMC - PubMed
McCallum 2007 {published data only}
    1. Gibbons K, McCallum Z, Wake M. A primary care intervention for childhood obesity: six‐month results from LEAP (Live, Eat And Play), a randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity 2004;28:S194. - PubMed
    1. Gunn J, McCallum Z, Sanci L, Gerner B, Harris C, Wake M. What do GPs get out of participating in research? ‐ experience of the LEAP trial. Australian Family Physician 2008;37(5):372‐5. - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN45068927. Randomised controlled trial of a brief GP intervention to reduce overweight in Victorian primary school children (LEAP). www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN45068927 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. McCallum Z, Wake M. A primary care intervention for childhood overweight/obesity (leap): methodology of a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2003;39(6):A16.
    1. McCallum Z, Wake M, Baur L. The Leap (live, eat and play) trial: results of a randomized controlled trial of a primary care intervention for childhood overweight/mild obesity. Obesity Research 2004;12:A15‐6. - PubMed
Mirza 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mirza NM, Palmer MG, Sinclair KB, McCarter R, He J, Ebbeling CB, et al. Effects of a low glycemic load or a low‐fat dietary intervention on body weight in obese Hispanic American children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2013;97(2):276‐85. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01068197. Low glycemic load diets in Latino children at risk for type 2 diabetes (COOL Kids). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01068197 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
NCT02436330 {unpublished data only}
    1. NCT02436330. Exergaming for health: impact of a community‐based active video gaming curriculum in pediatric weight management. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02436330 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
Nemet 2005 {published data only}
    1. Nemet D, Barkan S, Epstein Y, Friedland O, Kowen G, Eliakim A. Short‐ and long‐term beneficial effects of a combined dietary‐behavioral‐physical activity intervention for the treatment of childhood obesity. Pediatrics 2005;115(4):e443‐9. - PubMed
Nova 2001 {published data only}
    1. Nova A, Russo A, Sala E. Long‐term management of obesity in paediatric office practice: experimental evaluation of two different types of intervention. Ambulatory Child Health 2001;7(3/4):239‐48.
Nowicka 2009 {published data only}
    1. Nowicka P, Lanke J, Pietrobelli A, Apitzsch E, Flodmark CE. Sports camp with six months of support from a local sports club as a treatment for childhood obesity. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 2009;37(8):793‐800. - PubMed
O'Connor 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ledoux T, Hilmers A, Watson K, Baranowski T, O'Connor TM. Development and feasibility of an objective measure of patient‐centered communication fidelity in a pediatric obesity intervention. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 2013;45(4):349‐54. - PubMed
    1. NCT01195012. Pilot RCT of an obesity intervention for primary care pediatrics: Helping HAND. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01195012 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. O'Connor TM, Hilmers A, Watson K, Baranowski T, Giardino AP. Feasibility of an obesity intervention for paediatric primary care targeting parenting and children: Helping HAND. Child: Care, Health & Development 2013;39(1):141‐9. - PubMed
Reinehr 2010 {published data only}
    1. Finne E, Reinehr T, Schaefer A, Winkel K, Kolip P. Changes in self‐reported and parent‐reported health‐related quality of life in overweight children and adolescents participating in an outpatient training: findings from a 12‐month follow‐up study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2013;11:1. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Finne E, Reinehr T, Schaefer A, Winkel K, Kolip P. Overweight children and adolescents – is there a subjective need for treatment?. International Journal of Public Health 2009;54(2):112‐6. - PubMed
    1. NCT00422916. Treatment of overweight children and adolescents. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00422916 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Reinehr T, Schaefer A, Winkel K, Finne E, Toschke AM, Kolip P. An effective lifestyle intervention in overweight children: findings from a randomized controlled trial on "Obeldicks light". Clinical Nutrition 2010;29(3):331‐6. - PubMed
    1. Schaefer A, Winkel K, Finne E, Kolip P, Reinehr, T. An effective lifestyle intervention in overweight children: one‐year follow‐up after the randomized controlled trial on "Obeldicks light". Clinical Nutrition 2011;30(5):629‐33. - PubMed
Rodearmel 2007 {published data only}
    1. Holm KE, Wyatt HR, Murphy JR, Hill JO, Ogden LG. Parental influence on child change in physical activity during a family‐based intervention for child weight gain prevention. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2012;9(5):661–9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rodearmel SJ, Wyatt HR, Stroebele N, Smith SM, Ogden LG, Hill JO. Small changes in dietary sugar and physical activity as an approach to preventing excessive weight gain: the America on the Move family study. Pediatrics 2007;120(4):e869‐79. - PubMed
Sacher 2010 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN30238779. Improving health outcomes in obese children: a randomised controlled trial of the MEND programme. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN30238779 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Sacher PM, Kolotourou M, Chadwick PM, Cole TJ, Lawson MS, Lucas A, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the MEND program: a family‐based community intervention for childhood obesity. Obesity 2010;18(Suppl 1):S62‐8. - PubMed
Saelens 2013 {published data only}
    1. NCT00746629. Familial overweight: comparing use of strategies (FOCUS). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00746629 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Saelens BE, Lozano P, Scholz K. A randomized clinical trial comparing delivery of behavioral pediatric obesity treatment using standard and enhanced motivational approaches. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2013;38(9):954‐64. - PMC - PubMed
Satoh 2007 {published data only}
    1. Satoh A, Menzawa K, Lee S, Hatakeyama A, Sasaki H. Dietary guidance for obese children and their families using a model nutritional balance chart. Japan Journal of Nursing Science 2007;4(2):95‐102.
Schwingshandl 1999 {published data only}
    1. Schwingshandl J, Sudi K, Eibl B, Wallner S, Brokenstein M. Effect of an individualised training programme during weight reduction on body composition: a randomised trial. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 1999;81(5):426‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Serra‐Paya 2015 {published data only}
    1. NCT01878994. Evaluation of a family intervention program for the management of overweight or obese children (NEREU). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01878994 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Serra‐Paya N, Ensenyat A, Castro‐Vinuales I, Real J, Sinfreu‐Bergues X, Zapata A, et al. Effectiveness of a multi‐component intervention for overweight and obese children (Nereu Program): a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2015;10(12):e0144502. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Serra‐Paya N, Ensenyat A, Real J, Castro‐Vinuales I, Zapata A, Galindo G, et al. Evaluation of a family intervention programme for the treatment of overweight and obese children (Nereu Programme): a randomized clinical trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2013;13:1000. - PMC - PubMed
Siwik 2013 {published data only}
    1. NCT01674920. CHOICES: family physicians treat overweight children. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01674920 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Siwik V, Kutob R, Ritenbaugh C, Cruz L, Senf J, Aickin M, et al. Intervention in overweight children improves body mass index (BMI) and physical activity. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine 2013;26(2):126‐37. - PMC - PubMed
Taveras 2015 {published data only}
    1. NCT01537510. Study of technology to accelerate research (STAR). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01537510 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Taveras EM, Marshall R, Horan CM, Gillman MW, Hacker K, Kleinman KP, et al. Rationale and design of the STAR randomized controlled trial to accelerate adoption of childhood obesity comparative effectiveness research. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;34(1):101‐8. - PubMed
    1. Taveras EM, Marshall R, Kleinman KP, Gillman MW, Hacker K, Horan CM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions in pediatric primary care: a cluster‐randomized clinical trial. JAMA pediatrics 2015;169(6):535‐42. - PubMed
Taylor 2015 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12609000749202. Screening, feedback and treatment in overweight 4‐8 year old children: the MInT study. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=308336 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Dawson AM, Brown DA, Cox A, Williams SM, Treacy L, Haszard J, et al. Using motivational interviewing for weight feedback to parents of young children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2014;50(6):461‐70. - PubMed
    1. Dawson AM, Taylor RW, Williams SM, Taylor BJ, Brown DA. Do parents recall and understand children's weight status information after BMI screening?. BMJ Open 2014;4(7):e004481. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Haszard JJ, Williams SM, Dawson AM, Skidmore PML, Taylor RW. Factor analysis of the comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire in a large sample of children. Appetite 2013;62:110‐8. - PubMed
    1. Taylor RW, Brown D, Dawson AM, Haszard J, Cox A, Rose EA, et al. Motivational interviewing for screening and feedback and encouraging lifestyle changes to reduce relative weight in 4‐8 year old children: design of the MInT study. BMC Public Health 2010;10:271. - PMC - PubMed
Vann 2013 {published data only}
    1. Vann LH, Stanford FC, Durkin MW, Hanna A, Knight LM, Stallworth JR. "Moving and losing": a pilot study incorporating physical activity to decrease obesity in the pediatric population. Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association 2013;109(4):116‐20. - PubMed
Wafa 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hamzaid H, Talib RA, Azizi NH, Maamor N, Reilly JJ, Wafa SW. Quality of life of obese children in Malaysia. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2011;6(5‐6):450‐4. - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN14241825. Malaysian childhood obesity treatment trial (MASCOT). www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14241825 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Sharifah WW, Nur HH, Ruzita AT, Roslee R, Reilly JJ. The Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial (MASCOT). Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 2011;17(2):229‐36. - PubMed
    1. Wafa SW, Ruzita AT, Nur Hana H, Roslee R, Ng LO, Ayiesah R, et al. Family‐focused weight management programme for childhood obesity in Malaysia: randomised controlled trial. Obesity Reviews 2010;11:85‐6.
    1. Wafa SW, Talib RA, Hamzaid NH, McColl JH, Rajikan R, Ng LO, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a good practice approach to treatment of childhood obesity in Malaysia: Malaysian Childhood Obesity Treatment Trial (MASCOT). International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2011;6(2‐2):e62‐9. - PubMed
Wake 2009 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN52511065. Randomised controlled trial of a brief GP intervention to reduce overweight in Victorian primary school children ‐ live, eat and play (LEAP 2). www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN52511065 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Wake M, Baur LA, Gerner B, Gibbons K, Gold L, Gunn J, et al. Outcomes and costs of primary care surveillance and intervention for overweight or obese children: the LEAP 2 randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009;339:b3308. - PMC - PubMed
Wake 2013 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12608000055303. Better outcomes for obese children in general practice: randomized controlled trial of a new shared‐care model vs usual care. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=82549 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Wake M, Lycett K, Clifford SA, Sabin MA, Gunn J, Gibbons K, et al. Shared care obesity management in 3‐10 year old children: 12 month outcomes of HopSCOTCH randomised trial. BMJ 2013;346:f3092. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wake M, Lycett K, Sabin MA, Gunn J, Gibbons K, Hutton C, et al. A shared‐care model of obesity treatment for 3‐10 year old children: protocol for the HopSCOTCH randomised controlled trial. BMC Pediatrics 2012;12:39. - PMC - PubMed
Waling 2012 {published data only}
    1. Backlund C, Sundelin G, Larsson C. Effect of a 1‐year lifestyle intervention on physical activity in overweight and obese children. Advances in Physiotherapy 2011;13(3):87‐96.
    1. Backlund C, Sundelin G, Larsson C. Effects of a 2‐year lifestyle intervention on physical activity in overweight and obese children. Advances in Physiotherapy 2011;13(3):97‐109.
    1. NCT01012206. Overweighed children's health ‐ studies of the effect of lifestyle and food habits (SELFH). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01012206 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Waling M, Backlund C, Lind T, Larsson C. Effects on metabolic health after a 1‐year‐lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese children: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012;2012(913965):1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Waling M, Lind T, Hernell O, Larsson C. A one‐year intervention has modest effects on energy and macronutrient intakes of overweight and obese Swedish children. Journal of Nutrition 2010;140(10):1793‐8. - PubMed
Warschburger 2016 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN24655766. Empowering parents of obese children: development and controlled evaluation of an obesity‐specific parenting skills training. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN24655766 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Warschburger P, Kroeller K, Haerting J, Unverzagt S, Egmond‐Fröhlich A. Empowering Parents of Obese Children (EPOC): a randomized controlled trial on additional long‐term weight effects of parent training. Appetite 2016;103:148‐56. - PubMed
    1. Warschburger P, Kroller K, Unverzagt S, Haerting J. What is the parents' part in long‐term weight management of their obese child? Results from the EPOC study. Obesity Facts 2013;6:230.
Weigel 2008 {published data only}
    1. Weigel C, Kokocinski K, Lederer P, Dotsch J, Rascher W, Knerr I. Childhood obesity: concept, feasibility, and interim results of a local group‐based, long‐term treatment program. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior 2008;40(6):369‐73. - PubMed
Weintraub 2008 {published data only}
    1. NCT00186173. Sports to prevent obesity: feasibility and pilot RCT. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00186173 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Weintraub DL, Tirumalai EC, Haydel KF, Fujimoto M, Fulton JE, Robinson TN. Team sports for overweight children: the Stanford Sports to Prevent Obesity Randomized Trial (SPORT). Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2008;162(3):232‐7. - PubMed
Wilfley 2007 {published data only}
    1. Goldschmidt AB, Stein RI, Saelens BE, Theim KR, Epstein LH, Wilfley DE. Importance of early weight change in a pediatric weight management trial. Pediatrics 2011;128(1):e33‐9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00301197. Childhood obesity treatment: a maintenance approach. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00301197 (last accessed 6 December 2016).
    1. Theim KR, Sinton MM, Goldschmidt AB, Buren DJ, Doyle AC, Saelens BE, et al. Adherence to behavioral targets and treatment attendance during a pediatric weight control trial. Obesity 2013;21(2):394‐7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wilfley DE, Stein RI, Saelens BE, Mockus DS, Matt GE, Hayden‐Wade HA, et al. Efficacy of maintenance treatment approaches for childhood overweight: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2007;298(14):1661‐73. - PubMed
Woo 2004 {published data only}
    1. Woo KS, Chook P, Yu CW, Sung RY, Qiao M, Leung SS, et al. Effects of diet and exercise on obesity‐related vascular dysfunction in children. Circulation 2004;109(16):1981‐6. - PubMed
Wright 2012 {published data only}
    1. Wright K, Giger JN, Norris K, Suro Z. Impact of a nurse‐directed, coordinated school health program to enhance physical activity behaviors and reduce body mass index among minority children: a parallel‐group, randomized control trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2013;50(6):727‐37. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wright K, Norris K, Newman Giger J, Suro Z. Improving healthy dietary behaviors, nutrition knowledge, and self‐efficacy among underserved school children with parent and community involvement. Childhood Obesity 2012;8(4):347‐56. - PubMed
    1. Wright K, Suro Z. Using community‐academic partnerships and a comprehensive school‐based program to decrease health disparities in activity in school‐aged children. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community 2014;42(2):125‐39. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Adam 2009 {published data only}
    1. Adam S, Westenhofer J, Rudolphi B, Kraaibeek HK. Effects of a combined inpatient‐outpatient treatment of obese children and adolescents. Obesity Facts 2009;2:286‐93. - PMC - PubMed
Albala 2008 {published data only}
    1. Albala C, Ebbeling CB, Cifuentes M, Lera L, Bustos N, Ludwig DS. Effects of replacing the habitual consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages with milk in Chilean children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2008;88(3):605‐11. - PMC - PubMed
Alberga 2013 {published data only}
    1. Alberga AS, Farnesi BC, Lafleche A, Legault L, Komorowski J. The effects of resistance exercise training on body composition and strength in obese prepubertal children. Physician & Sports medicine 2013;41(3):103‐9. - PubMed
Alexander 2014 {published data only}
    1. Alexander AG, Grant WL, Pedrino KJ, Lyons PE. A prospective multifactorial intervention on subpopulations of predominately Hispanic children at high risk for obesity. Obesity 2014; Vol. 22, issue 1:249‐53. - PubMed
Amini 2016 {published data only}
    1. Amini M, Djazayery A, Majdzadeh R, Taghdisi MH, Sadrzadeh‐Yeganeh H, Abdollahi Z, et al. A school‐based intervention to reduce excess weight in overweight and obese primary school students. Biological Research for Nursing 2016;29:29. - PubMed
Andre 2015 {published data only}
    1. Andre N, Beguier S. Using motivational interviewing as a supplement to physical activity program in obese adolescents: a RCT study. Eating and Weight Disorders 2015; Vol. 20, issue 4:519‐23. - PubMed
Astrup 2013 {published data only}
    1. Astrup A, Damsgaard CT, Papadaki A, Jensen SM, Dalskov SM, Hlavaty P, et al. 1 The use of an ad libitum higher‐protein, low‐glycemic index diet in overweight children: the Diogenes Study. FASEB Journal 2013;27:249.8.
Bachman 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bachman J, Raynor H. Parent and child dietary change during a family‐based behavioral childhood obesity intervention. Obesity 2010;18:S117.
Baker 2012 {published data only}
    1. Baker J, Saunders K. Fitter, healthier, happier families: a partnership to treat childhood obesity in the West Midlands. Public Health 2012;126(4):332‐4. - PubMed
Ball 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ball GD, Ambler KA, Keaschuk RA, Rosychuk RJ, Holt NL, Spence JC, et al. Parents as agents of change (PAC) in pediatric weight management: the protocol for the PAC randomized clinical trial. BMC Pediatrics 2012;12:114. - PMC - PubMed
Banks 2011 {published data only}
    1. Banks J, Shield JP, Sharp D. Barriers engaging families and GPs in childhood weight management strategies. British Journal of General Practice 2011;61(589):e492‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Banks 2012a {published data only}
    1. Banks J, Sharp DJ, Hunt LP, Shield JP. Evaluating the transferability of a hospital‐based childhood obesity clinic to primary care: a randomised controlled trial. British Journal of General Practice 2012;62(594):e6‐12. - PMC - PubMed
Banks 2012b {published data only}
    1. Banks J, Williams J, Cumberlidge T, Cimonetti T, Sharp DJ, Shield JP. Is healthy eating for obese children necessarily more costly for families?. British Journal of General Practice 2012;62(594):e1‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Banks 2014 {published data only}
    1. Banks J, Cramer H, Sharp DJ, Shield JP, Turner KM. Identifying families' reasons for engaging or not engaging with childhood obesity services: a qualitative study. Journal of Child Health Care 2014;18(2):101‐10. - PubMed
Banos 2009 {published data only}
    1. Banos RM, Cebolla A, Zaragoza I, Botella C, Alcaniz M. Electronic PDA dietary and physical activity registers in a weight loss treatment program for children: a description of the ETIOBE personal digital assistant program. Journal of Cybertherapy and Rehabilitation 2009;2:235‐41.
Baranowski 2011 {published data only}
    1. Baranowski T, Baranowski J, Thompson D, Buday R, Jago R, Griffith MJ, et al. Video game play, child diet, and physical activity behavior change a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2011;40(1):33‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Barbeau 2007 {published data only}
    1. Barbeau P, Johnson MH, Howe CA, Allison J, Davis CL, Gutin B, et al. Ten months of exercise improves general and visceral adiposity, bone, and fitness in black girls. Obesity 2007;15(8):2077‐85. - PubMed
Bau 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bau AM, Ernert A, Krude H, Wiegand S. Hormonal regulatory mechanisms in obese children and adolescents after previous weight reduction with a lifestyle intervention: maintain ‐ paediatric part ‐ a RCT from 2009‐15. BMC Obesity 2016;3:29. - PMC - PubMed
Bauer 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bauer S, Niet J, Timman R, Kordy H. Enhancement of care through self‐monitoring and tailored feedback via text messaging and their use in the treatment of childhood overweight. Patient Education and Counseling 2010;79(3):315‐9. - PubMed
Bayat 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bayat E, Rahimian Boogar I, Talepasand S, Yousefi Chaigan P. The effectiveness of family‐based cognitive behavioral therapy in weight reduction among children with obesity. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2014;16:254‐61.
Bean 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bean MK, Wilson DB, Thornton LM, Kelly N, Mazzeo SE. Dietary intake in a randomized‐controlled pilot of NOURISH: a parent intervention for overweight children. Preventive Medicine 2012;55(3):224‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Bean 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bean MK, Jeffers AJ, Tully CB, Thornton LM, Mazzeo SE. Motivational interviewing with parents of overweight children: study design and methods for the NOURISH + MI study. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2014;37(2):312‐21. - PMC - PubMed
Benestad 2014 {published data only}
    1. Benestad B, Lekhal S, Hertel JK, Odegard R, Hjelmesaeth J. Long‐term effectiveness of two family based life style intervention programs on childhood obesity. A 2‐years randomized controlled pragmatic trial. Obesity Facts 2014;7:131.
Benson 2008 {published data only}
    1. Benson AC, Torode ME, Fiatarone Singh MA. The effect of high‐intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32(6):1016‐27. - PubMed
Bernstein 2015 {published data only}
    1. Bernstein HM. An ecological systems approach to pediatric weight management: a psychoeducational group manual for caregivers [Dissertation]. Vol. 75, Available from gradworks.umi.com/36/30/3630291.html, 2015.
Best 2016 {published data only}
    1. Best JR, Goldschmidt AB, Mockus‐Valenzuela DS, Stein RI, Epstein LH, Wilfley DE. Shared weight and dietary changes in parent‐child dyads following family‐based obesity treatment. Health Psychology 2016;35(1):92‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Bloom 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bloom T, Sharpe L, Mullan B, Zucker N. A pilot evaluation of appetite‐awareness training in the treatment of childhood overweight and obesity: a preliminary investigation. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2013;46(1):47‐51. - PubMed
Bocca 2014 {published data only}
    1. Bocca G, Corpeleijn E, Heuvel ER, Stolk RP, Sauer PJ. Three‐year follow‐up of 3‐year‐old to 5‐year‐old children after participation in a multidisciplinary or a usual‐care obesity treatment program. Clinical Nutrition 2014;33(6):1095‐100. - PubMed
Bohnert 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bohnert AM, Ward AK. Making a difference: evaluating the Girls in the Game (GIG) after‐school program. The Journal of Early Adolescence 2013;33(1):104‐30.
Boutelle 2011 {published data only}
    1. Boutelle KN, Zucker NL, Peterson CB, Rydell SA, Cafri G, Harnack L. Two novel treatments to reduce overeating in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 2011;79(6):759‐71. - PMC - PubMed
Boutelle 2013 {published data only}
    1. Boutelle KN, Norman GJ, Rock CL, Rhee KE, Crow SJ. Guided self‐help for the treatment of pediatric obesity. Pediatrics 2013;131:e1435‐42. - PMC - PubMed
Braden 2014 {published data only}
    1. Braden A, Rhee K, Peterson CB, Rydell SA, Zucker N, Boutelle K. Associations between child emotional eating and general parenting style, feeding practices, and parent psychopathology. Appetite 2014;80:35‐40. - PubMed
Braet 1997a {published data only}
    1. Braet C, Mervielde I, Vandereycken W. Psychological aspects of childhood obesity: a controlled study in a clinical and nonclinical sample. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1997;22:59‐71. - PubMed
Braet 1997b {published data only}
    1. Braet C, Winckel M, Leeuwen K. Follow‐up results of different treatment programs for obese children. Acta Paediatrica 1997;86:397‐402. - PubMed
Braet 2000 {published data only}
    1. Braet C, Winckel M. Long‐term follow‐up of a cognitive behavioral treatment program for obese children. Behavior Therapy 2000;31:55‐74.
Buhari 2014 {published data only}
    1. Buhari SSS, Talib RA, Koon PB. The HEBAT! program: an obesity prevention exploratory cluster randomized controlled trial. Obesity Reviews 2014;15:153.
Burrows 2008 {published data only}
    1. Burrows T, Warren JM, Baur LA, Collins CE. Impact of a child obesity intervention on dietary intake and behaviors. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32:1481‐8. - PubMed
Burrows 2010a {published data only}
    1. Burrows T, Berthton B, Garg M, Collins C. A novel approach to validating dietary change in children participating in the HIKCUPS (Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support) obesity intervention. Obesity Reviews 2010;11:374.
Burrows 2010b {published data only}
    1. Burrows T, Warren JM, Collins CE. The impact of a child obesity treatment intervention on parent child‐feeding practices. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2010;5:43‐50. - PubMed
Burrows 2011 {published data only}
    1. Burrows T, Janet WM, Collins CE. Long‐term changes in food consumption trends in overweight children in the HIKCUPS intervention. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition 2011;53:543‐7. - PubMed
Bush 2007 {published data only}
    1. Bush CL, Pittman S, McKay S, Ortiz T, Wong WW, Klish WJ. Park‐based obesity intervention program for inner‐city minority children. The Journal of Pediatrics 2007;151:513‐7. - PubMed
Bustos 1997 {published data only}
    1. Bustos LG, Moreno MF, Calderin MMA, Martinez QJJ, Diaz ME, Arana CC. Comparative study of medical advice and cognitive‐behavioral group therapy in the treatment of child‐adolescent obesity. Anales Espanoles de Pediatria 1997;47:135‐43. - PubMed
Caballero 2003a {published data only}
    1. Caballero B, Clay T, Davis SM, Ethelbah B, Rock BH, Lohman T, et al. Pathways: a school‐based, randomized controlled trial for the prevention of obesity in American Indian schoolchildren. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003;78:1030‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Caballero 2003b {published data only}
    1. Caballero B, Himes JH, Lohman T, Davis SM, Stevens J, Evans M, et al. Body composition and overweight prevalence in 1704 schoolchildren from 7 American Indian communities. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003;78:308‐12. - PMC - PubMed
Canas 2012a {published data only}
    1. Canas JA, Damaso L, Altomare A, Killen K, Hossain J, Balagopal PB. Insulin resistance and adiposity in relation to serum beta‐carotene levels. Journal of Pediatrics 2012;161:58‐64.e1‐2. - PubMed
Canas 2012b {published data only}
    1. Canas JA, Damaso L, Mann KJ, Sweeten S, Balagopa P. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABP4 and FABP5), beta‐carotene and insulin resistance (IR): a 6‐month double blind placebo‐controlled study on the effect of a fruit and vegetable juice concentrate (FVJC) in boys. Endocrine Reviews 2012;33 (3 Meeting Abstracts):No pagination.
Canas 2014 {published data only}
    1. Canas J, Lochrie A, McGowan AG, Schettino C, Hossain J, Balagopal P. Effect of a 2‐week intense life‐style intervention followed by 6‐month carotenoid supplementation on fat depots, aditonectin and palmitoleate: a 6‐month double blind placebo‐controlled pilot study in obese children. FASEB Journal 2014;1:645.6.
Carrel 2005 {published data only}
    1. Carrel AL, Clark RR, Peterson SE, Nemeth BA, Sullivan J, Allen DB. Improvement of fitness, body composition, and insulin sensitivity in overweight children in a school‐based exercise program: a randomized, controlled study. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2005;159:963‐8. - PubMed
Carrel 2007 {published data only}
    1. Carrel AL, Clark RR, Peterson S, Eickhoff J, Allen DB. School‐based fitness changes are lost during the summer vacation. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2007;161:561‐4. - PubMed
Cash 2009 {published data only}
    1. Cash AJ. Evaluation of a multi‐faceted intervention to prevent obesity in elementary school children. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2009; Vol. 69:7446.
Catenacci 2014 {published data only}
    1. Catenacci VA, Barrett C, Odgen L, Browning R, Schaefer CA, Hill J, et al. Changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior in a randomized trial of an internet‐based versus workbook‐based family intervention study. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2014;11:348‐58. - PMC - PubMed
Cespedes 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cespedes EM, Horan CM, Gillman MW, Gortmaker SL, Price S, Rifas‐Shiman SL, et al. Participant characteristics and intervention processes associated with reductions in television viewing in the High Five for Kids study. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory 2014;62:64‐70. - PMC - PubMed
Chen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Chen JL, Kwan M, Mac A, Chin NC, Liu K. iStart smart: a primary‐care based and community partnered childhood obesity management program for Chinese‐American children: feasibility study. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health 2013;15:1125‐8. - PubMed
Chen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Chen J, Kwan M, Liu K, Yu F. The feasibility and efficacy of healthy weight management program for low income Chinese American overweight and obese children in a primary care clinic. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2015;30:821‐8. - PubMed
Chen 2016 {published data only}
    1. Chen J, Kwan M. Short‐term efficacy and correlates of change in health weight management program for Chinese American children. Clinical Pediatrics 2016;55:463‐9. - PubMed
Chirita‐Emandi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Chirita‐Emandi A, Puiu M. Outcomes of neurofeedback training in childhood obesity management: a pilot study. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 2014;20:831‐7. - PubMed
Chongviriyaphan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chongviriyaphan N, Sangthien N, Suthutvoravut U. The nutrition counselling with a behavior modification is effective in obese school‐aged children. Obesity Reviews 2010;11:292‐3.
Cohen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Cohen TR, Hazell T, Vanstone CA, Moore M, Plourde H, Rodd C, et al. Body composition of 6 to 8.5 year old overweight and obese children: 12‐week follow‐up from an eating and exercise behaviour family‐centered lifestyle intervention in Quebec (Canada). FASEB Journal 2012;26:811‐2.
Collins 2010 {published data only}
    1. Collins CE, Morgan PJ, Okely AD, Burrows TL, Cliff DP, Jones RA, et al. HIKCUPS (Hunter Illawarra Kids Challenge Using Parent Support) reduces BMI z‐score up to 2 years: results of a multi‐site randomized trial for overweight children. Obesity Reviews 2010;11:280.
Cooperberg 2014 {published data only}
    1. Cooperberg J. Food for thought: a parental internet‐based intervention to treat childhood obesity in preschool‐aged children. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2014; Vol. 74.
Coppinger 2016 {published data only}
    1. Coppinger T, Lacey S, O'Neill C, Burns C. 'Project Spraoi': a randomized control trial to improve nutrition and physical activity in school children. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 2016;3:94‐101. - PMC - PubMed
Cradock 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cradock AL, Barrett JL, Giles CM, Lee RM, Kenney EL, deBlois ME, et al. Promoting physical activity with the Out of School Nutrition and Physical Activity (OSNAP) initiative a cluster‐randomized controlled trial. JAMA Pediatrics 2016;170:155‐62. - PubMed
Crova 2014 {published data only}
    1. Crova C, Struzzolino I, Marchetti R, Masci I, Vannozzi G, Forte R, et al. Cognitively challenging physical activity benefits executive function in overweight children. Journal of Sports Sciences 2014;32:201‐11. - PubMed
Cunningham‐Sabo 2016 {published data only}
    1. Cunningham‐Sabo L, Lohse B, Smith S, Browning R, Strutz E, Nigg C, et al. Fuel for Fun: a cluster‐randomized controlled study of cooking skills, eating behaviors, and physical activity of 4th graders and their families. BMC Public Health 2016;16:444. - PMC - PubMed
Dahiya 2012 {published data only}
    1. Dahiya R, Cowin GJ, Yang Z, Almestehi M, Leong GM. Effect of a 12‐month lifestyle behavioral modification intervention on fat compartmentation in overweight and obese prepubertal children. Endocrine Reviews 2012;33(3 Meeting Abstracts):OR18‐4.
Dai 2006 {published data only}
    1. Dai J, Jiang Z, Zhang B. Exercise and nutrition therapy for simple obesity in children. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2006;10:20‐2.
Dalton 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dalton WT 3rd, Schetzina KE, McBee MT, Maphis L, Fulton‐Robinson H, Ho AL, et al. Parent report of child's health‐related quality of life after a primary‐care‐based weight management program. Childhood Obesity 2013;9:501‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Daniels 2009a {published data only}
    1. Daniels LA, Magarey A, Battistutta D, Nicholson JM, Farrell A, Davidson G, et al. The NOURISH randomised control trial: positive feeding practices and food preferences in early childhood ‐ a primary prevention program for childhood obesity. BMC Public Health 2009;9:387. - PMC - PubMed
Danielsen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Danielsen YS, Nordhus IH, Juliusson PB, Maehle M, Pallesen S. Effect of a family‐based cognitive behavioural intervention on body mass index, self‐esteem and symptoms of depression in children with obesity (aged 7‐13): a randomised waiting list controlled trial. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 2013;7:e116‐28. - PubMed
Danielzik 2007 {published data only}
    1. Danielzik S, Pust S, Muller MJ. School‐based interventions to prevent overweight and obesity in prepubertal children: process and 4‐years outcome evaluation of the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study (KOPS). Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 2007;96:19‐25. - PubMed
da Silva 2015 {published data only}
    1. Silva DF, Bianchini JA, Lopera CA, Capelato DA, Hintze LJ, Nardo CC, et al. Impact of readiness to change behavior on the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention in obese Brazilian children and adolescents. Appetite 2015;87:229‐35. - PubMed
Davis 1999 {published data only}
    1. Davis CE, Hunsberger S, Murray DM, Fabsitz RR, Himes JH, Stephenson LK, et al. Design and statistical analysis for the Pathways study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;69:760S‐763S. - PubMed
Davis 2011a {published data only}
    1. Davis AM, Blackburn KS, Dreyer M, Hampl S, Sampilo M. Treatment outcomes across three family‐based behavioral pediatric obesity group treatment programs: Healthy Hawks, Zoom to Health and PHIT kids. Obesity 2011;19:S106.
Davis 2011b {published data only}
    1. Davis CL, Tomporowski PD, McDowell JE, Austin BP, Miller PH, Yanasak NE, et al. Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: a randomized, controlled trial. Health Psychology 2011;30:91‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Davis 2014 {published data only}
    1. Davis CL, Pollock NK, Bassali R, Boyle CA, Waller JL, Allison JD, et al. Exercise dose and diabetes risk in overweight and obese children: a randomized control trial. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics 2014;16:S93. - PMC - PubMed
Davis 2016a {published data only}
    1. Davis AM, Sampilo M, Gallagher KS, Dean K, Saroja MB, Yu Q, et al. Treating rural paediatric obesity through telemedicine vs. telephone: outcomes from a cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of Telemedicine & Telecare 2016;22(2):86‐95. - PMC - PubMed
Davis 2016b {published data only}
    1. Davis AM, Stough CO, Black WR, Dean K, Sampilo M, Simpson S, et al. Outcomes of a weight management program conjointly addressing parent and child health. Children's Health Care 2016;45:227‐40. - PMC - PubMed
de Mello 2004 {published data only}
    1. Mello ED, Luft VC, Meyer F. Individual outpatient care versus group education programs. Which leads to greater change in dietary and physical activity habits for obese children?. Jornal de Pediatria 2004;80:468‐74. - PubMed
Dennis 2013 {published data only}
    1. Dennis BA, Ergul A, Gower BA, Allison JD, Davis CL. Oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk in overweight children in an exercise intervention program. Childhood Obesity 2013;9:15‐21. - PMC - PubMed
De Ruyter 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ruyter JC, Katan MB, Kuijper LDJ, Liem DG, Olthof MR. The effect of sugar‐free versus sugar‐sweetened beverages on satiety, liking and wanting: an 18 month randomized double‐blind trial in children. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e78039. - PMC - PubMed
DeVault 2009 {published data only}
    1. Vault N, Kennedy T, Hermann J, Mwavita M, Rask P, Jaworsky A. It's all about kids: preventing overweight in elementary school children in Tulsa, OK. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2009;109:680‐7. - PubMed
Dias 2016 {published data only}
    1. Dias KA, Coombes JS, Green DJ, Gomersall SR, Keating SE, Tjonna AE, et al. Effects of exercise intensity and nutrition advice on myocardial function in obese children and adolescents: a multicentre randomised controlled trial study protocol. BMJ Open 2016;6:e010929. - PMC - PubMed
Dodds 2014 {published data only}
    1. Dodds P, Wolfenden L, Chapman K, Wellard L, Hughes C, Wiggers J. The effect of energy and traffic light labelling on parent and child fast food selection: a randomised controlled trial. Appetite 2014;73:23‐30. - PubMed
Donnelly 2009 {published data only}
    1. Donnelly JE, Greene JL, Gibson CA, Smith BK, Washburn RA, Sullivan DK, et al. Physical Activity Across the Curriculum (PAAC): a randomized controlled trial to promote physical activity and diminish overweight and obesity in elementary school children. Preventive Medicine 2009;49:336‐41. - PMC - PubMed
Doyle‐Baker 2011 {published data only}
    1. Doyle‐Baker PK, Venner AA, Lyon ME, Fung T. Impact of a combined diet and progressive exercise intervention for overweight and obese children: the B.E. H.I.P. study. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, & Metabolism 2011;36:515‐25. - PubMed
Dreyer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Dreyer Gillette ML, Odar Stough C, Best CM, Beck AR, Hampl SE. Comparison of a condensed 12‐week version and a 24‐week version of a family‐based pediatric weight management program. Childhood obesity 2014;10:375‐82. - PubMed
DuBose 2008 {published data only}
    1. DuBose KD, Mayo MS, Gibson CA, Green JL, Hill JO, Jacobsen DJ, et al. Physical activity across the curriculum (PAAC): rationale and design. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2008;29:83‐93. - PubMed
Duckworth 2009 {published data only}
    1. Duckworth LC, Gately PJ, Radley D, Cooke CB, King RF, Hill AJ. RCT of a high‐protein diet on hunger motivation and weight‐loss in obese children: an extension and replication. Obesity 2009;17:1808‐10. - PubMed
Duncan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Duncan MJ, Al‐Nakeeb Y, Nevill AM. Effects of a 6‐week circuit training intervention on body esteem and body mass index in British primary school children. Body Image 2009;6:216‐20. - PubMed
Dura 2006 {published data only}
    1. Dura Trave T. Treatment of childhood obesity: nutrition education, self‐management and intensive follow‐up. Acta Pediatrica Espanola 2006;64:328‐34.
Economos 2007 {published data only}
    1. Economos CD, Hyatt RR, Goldberg JP, Must A, Naumova EN, Collins JJ, et al. A community intervention reduces BMI z‐score in children: Shape Up Somerville first year results. Obesity 2007;15:1325‐36. - PubMed
El Hage 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hage R, Rocher E, Chappard C, Portier H, Rochefort GY, Benhamou CL. Effect of a 6‐month physical training program on hip structure analysis in obese children. Osteoporosis International 2012;23:S686.
Endevelt 2014 {published data only}
    1. Endevelt R, Elkayam O, Cohen R, Peled R, Tal‐Pony L, Grunwald RM, et al. An intensive family intervention clinic for reducing childhood obesity. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine: JABFM 2014;27:321‐8. - PubMed
Epstein 1981 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Koeske R, Andrasik F, Ossip DJ. Child and parent weight loss in family‐based behavior modification programs. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 1981;49:674‐85. - PubMed
Epstein 1984b {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Woodall K, Goreczny AJ, Wing RR, Robertson RJ. The modification of activity patterns and energy expenditure in obese young girls. Behavior Therapy 1984;15:101‐8.
Epstein 1986 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Koeske R, Valoski A. Effect of parent weight on weight loss in obese children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1986;54:400‐1. - PubMed
Epstein 1987a {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Nudelman S, Wing RR. Long‐term effects of family‐based treatment for obesity on nontreated family members. Behavior Therapy 1987;18:147‐52.
Epstein 1987b {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Koeske R, Valoski A. Long‐term effects of family‐based treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1987;55:91‐5. - PubMed
Epstein 1987c {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Valoski A, Gooding W. Long‐term effects of parent weight on child weight loss. Behavior Therapy 1987;18:219‐26.
Epstein 1987d {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Wing RR, Valoski A, Penner BC. Stability of food preferences during weight control: a study with 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children and their parents. Behavior Modification 1987;11:87‐101. - PubMed
Epstein 1990 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Valoski A, Wing RR, McCurley J. Ten‐year follow‐up of behavioral, family‐based treatment for obese children. JAMA 1990;264:2519‐23. - PubMed
Epstein 1993 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Valoski A, McCurley J. Effect of weight loss by obese children on long‐term growth. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1993;147:1076‐80. - PubMed
Epstein 1994a {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, McKenzie SJ, Valoski A, Klein KR, Wing RR. Effects of mastery criteria and contingent reinforcement for family‐based child weight control. Addictive Behaviors 1994;19:135‐45. - PubMed
Epstein 1994b {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Valoski A, Wing RR, McCurley J. Ten‐year outcomes of behavioral family‐based treatment for childhood obesity. Health Psychology 1994;13(5):373‐83. - PubMed
Epstein 1995 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Valoski AM, Vara LS, McCurley J, Wisniewski L, Kalarchian MA, et al. Effects of decreasing sedentary behavior and increasing activity on weight change in obese children. Health Psychology 1995;14:109‐15. - PubMed
Epstein 2000b {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Gordy CC, Saelens BE, Ernst MM. Problem solving in the treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology 2000;68:717‐21. - PubMed
Epstein 2004 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Kilanowski CK, Raynor HA. The effect of reinforcement or stimulus control to reduce sedentary behavior in the treatment of pediatric obesity. Health Psychology 2004;23:371‐80. - PubMed
Epstein 2007 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Beecher MD, Graf JL, Roemmich JN. Choice of interactive dance and bicycle games in overweight and nonoverweight youth. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2007;33:124‐31. - PMC - PubMed
Epstein 2008a {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Paluch RA, Beecher MD, Roemmich JN. Increasing healthy eating vs. reducing high energy‐dense foods to treat pediatric obesity. Obesity 2008;16:318‐26. - PMC - PubMed
Epstein 2008b {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Roemmich JN, Robinson JL, Paluch RA, Winiewicz DD, Fuerch JH, et al. A randomized trial of the effects of reducing television viewing and computer use on body mass index in young children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2008;162:239‐45. - PMC - PubMed
Epstein 2012 {published data only}
    1. Epstein LH, Raja S, Daniel TO, Paluch RA, Wilfley DE, Saelens BE, et al. The built environment moderates effects of family‐based childhood obesity treatment over 2 years. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2012;44:248‐58. - PMC - PubMed
Erceg 2012 {published data only}
    1. Erceg DNJ. The effects of whole body vibration exercise on metabolic systems in overweight Latino boys. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2012; Vol. 73:274.
Escobedo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Escobedo S, Garca O, Ronquillo D, Caamao M, Rosado J. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients and polyunsaturated fatty acids does not improve school performance of obese children in a rural area of Mexico. FASEB Journal 2014;1:811.23.
Escoto 2008 {published data only}
    1. Escoto Ponce de Leon MC, Mancilla Diaz JM, Camacho Ruiz EJ. A pilot study of the clinical and statistical significance of a program to reduce eating disorder risk factors in children. Eating and Weight Disorders 2008;13:111‐8. - PubMed
Esfarjani 2013 {published data only}
    1. Esfarjani F, Khalafi M, Mohammadi F, Mansour A, Roustaee R, Zamani‐Nour N, et al. Family‐based intervention for controlling childhood obesity: an experience among Iranian children. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013;4:358‐65. - PMC - PubMed
Estabrooks 2009 {published data only}
    1. Estabrooks PA, Shoup JA, Gattshall M, Dandamudi P, Shetterly S, Xu S. Automated telephone counseling for parents of overweight children: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2009;36:35‐42. - PubMed
Falbe 2015 {published data only}
    1. Falbe J, Cadiz AA, Tantoco NK, Thompson HR, Madsen KA. Active and healthy families: a randomized controlled trial of a culturally tailored obesity intervention for Latino children. Academic Pediatrics 2015;15:386‐95. - PubMed
Farpour‐Lambert 2009 {published data only}
    1. Farpour‐Lambert NJ, Aggoun Y, Marchand LM, Martin XE, Herrmann FR, Beghetti M. Physical activity reduces systemic blood pressure and improves early markers of atherosclerosis in pre‐pubertal obese children. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2009;54:2396‐406. - PubMed
Ferguson 1999a {published data only}
    1. Ferguson MA, Gutin B, Le NA, Karp W, Litaker M, Humphries M, et al. Effects of exercise training and its cessation on components of the insulin resistance syndrome in obese children. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 1999;23:889‐95. - PubMed
Ferguson 1999b {published data only}
    1. Ferguson MA, Gutin B, Owens S, Barbeau P, Tracy RP, Litaker M. Effects of physical training and its cessation on the hemostatic system of obese children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;69:1130‐4. - PubMed
Ferrara 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ferrara P, Bufalo F, Ianniello F, Franceschini A, Paolini Paoletti F, Massart F, et al. Diet and physical activity "defeated" Tuberil in treatment of childhood obesity. Minerva Endocrinologica 2013;38:181‐5. - PubMed
Ferrer 1998 {published data only}
    1. Ferrer Gonzalez P, Belda Galiana I, Segarra Aznar FM, Fenollosa Entrena B, Dalmau Serra J. Lipid and anthropometric parameter evolution during the treatment of prepubertal obese patients. Anales Espanoles de Pediatria 1998;48:267‐73. - PubMed
Figueroa‐Colon 1993 {published data only}
    1. Figueroa‐Colon R, Almen TK, Franklin FA, Schuftan C, Suskind RM. Comparison of two hypocaloric diets in obese children. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1993;147:160‐6. - PubMed
Figueroa‐Colon 1996 {published data only}
    1. Figueroa‐Colon R, Franklin FA, Lee JY, Almen TK, Suskind RM. Feasibility of a clinic‐based hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school setting for obese children. Obesity Research 1996;4:419‐29. - PubMed
Firoozi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Firoozi M, Gheed Rahmat A. Virtual social network for management of obesity in children and adolescents. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 2013;23:S9‐S10.
Fischer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fischer M, Svensson V, Danielsson P, Marcus C. Effect of the omega‐3 fatty acids EPA and DHA on physical activity among 8‐year old children, a randomized double blind pilot study. Obesity Reviews 2014;15:245.
Foger 1993 {published data only}
    1. Foger M, Bart G, Rathner G, Jager B, Fischer H, Zollner‐Neussl D. Physical activity, nutritional counseling and psychological guidance in treatment of obese children. A controlled follow‐up study over six months. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde. Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde 1993;141:491‐7. - PubMed
Follansbee‐Junger 2010 {published data only}
    1. Follansbee‐Junger K, Janicke DM, Sallinen BJ. The influence of a behavioral weight management program on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in children with overweight. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2010;110:1653‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Frohna 2008 {published data only}
    1. Frohna JG. Maintenance programs help sustain the initial weight loss in overweight children. Journal of Pediatrics 2008;152:443‐4. - PubMed
Fullerton 2007a {published data only}
    1. Fullerton G, Tyler C, Johnston CA, Vincent JP, Harris GE, Foreyt JP. Quality of life in Mexican‐American children following a weight management program. Obesity 2007;15:2553‐6. - PubMed
Fullerton 2007b {published data only}
    1. Fullerton L. Quality of life in Mexican American children following a weight management program. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2007; Vol. 67:4103. - PubMed
Furze 2008 {published data only}
    1. Furze JA, Black LL. Reducing obesity in youth: a new approach for at‐risk, underserved children. Pediatric Physical Therapy 2008;20:105‐6.
Gajewska 2011 {published data only}
    1. Gajewska J, Weker H, Ambroszkiewicz J, Chelchowska M, Wiech M, Laskowska‐Klita T. Changes in concentration of serum adiponectin multimeric forms following weight reduction programme in prepubertal obese children. Medycyna Wieku Rozwojowego 2011;15:298‐305. - PubMed
Galhardo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Galhardo J, Hunt LP, Lightman SL, Sabin MA, Bergh C, Sodersten P, et al. Normalizing eating behavior reduces body weight and improves gastrointestinal hormonal secretion in obese adolescents. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2012;97:E193‐201. - PubMed
Garipagaoglu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Garipagaoglu M, Sahip Y, Darendeliler F, Akdikmen O, Kopuz S, Sut N. Family‐based group treatment versus individual treatment in the management of childhood obesity: randomized, prospective clinical trial. European Journal of Pediatrics 2009;168:1091‐9. - PubMed
Gerards 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gerards SM, Dagnelie PC, Jansen MW, Goot LO, Vries NK, Sanders MR, et al. Lifestyle Triple P: a parenting intervention for childhood obesity. BMC Public Health 2012;12:267. - PMC - PubMed
Ghatrehsamani 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ghatrehsamani S, Khavarian N, Beizaei M, Ramedan R, Poursafa P, Kelishadi R. Effect of different physical activity training methods on overweight adolescents. Arya Atherosclerosis 2010;6:45‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Goldfield 2000 {published data only}
    1. Goldfield GS, Kalakanis LE, Ernst MM, Epstein LH. Open‐loop feedback to increase physical activity in obese children. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2000;24:888‐92. - PubMed
Goldfield 2001 {published data only}
    1. Goldfield GS, Epstein LH, Kilanowski CK, Paluch RA, Kogut‐Bossler B. Cost‐effectiveness of group and mixed family‐based treatment for childhood obesity. International Journal of Obesity & Related Metabolic Disorders: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity 2001;25:1843‐9. - PubMed
Goldfield 2006 {published data only}
    1. Goldfield GS, Mallory R, Parker T, Cunningham T, Legg C, Lumb A, et al. Effects of open‐loop feedback on physical activity and television viewing in overweight and obese children: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2006;118:e157‐66. - PubMed
Goldfield 2007 {published data only}
    1. Goldfield GS, Mallory R, Parker T, Cunningham T, Legg C, Lumb A, et al. Effects of modifying physical activity and sedentary behavior on psychosocial adjustment in overweight/obese children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2007;32:783‐93. - PubMed
Goldfield 2008 {published data only}
    1. Goldfield GS, Mallory R, Prud'homme D, Adamo KB. Gender differences in response to a physical activity intervention in overweight and obese children. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2008;5:592‐606. - PubMed
Goldfield 2009 {published data only}
    1. Goldfield GS. Predictors of response to an intervention modifying physical activity and sedentary behavior in overweight/obese children: attitudes vs. behavior. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 2009;6:463‐6. - PubMed
Golley 2007 {published data only}
    1. Golley RK, Magarey AM, Baur LA, Steinbeck KS, Daniels LA. Twelve‐month effectiveness of a parent‐led, family‐focused weight‐management program for prepubertal children: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2007;119:517‐25. - PubMed
Golley 2011 {published data only}
    1. Golley RK, Magarey AM, Daniels LA. Children's food and activity patterns following a six‐month child weight management program. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2011;6:409‐14. - PubMed
Gong 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gong L, Yuan F, Teng J, Li X, Zheng S, Lin L, et al. Weight loss, inflammatory markers, and improvements of iron status in overweight and obese children. Journal of Pediatrics 2014;164:795‐800.e2. - PubMed
Graf 2006 {published data only}
    1. Graf C, Koch B, Bjarnason‐Wehrens B, Sreeram N, Brockmeier K, Tokarski W, et al. Who benefits from intervention in, as opposed to screening of, overweight and obese children?. Cardiology in the Young 2006;16:474‐80. - PubMed
Graf 2008 {published data only}
    1. Graf C, Koch B, Falkowski G, Jouck S, Christ H, Staudenmaier K, et al. School‐based prevention: effects on obesity and physical performance after 4 years. Journal of Sports Sciences 2008;26:987‐94. - PubMed
Graham 2008 {published data only}
    1. Graham D, Appleton S, Rush E, McLennan S, Reed P, Simmons D. Increasing activity and improving nutrition through a schools‐based programme: Project Energize. 1. Design, programme, randomisation and evaluation methodology. Public Health Nutrition 2008;11:1076‐84. - PubMed
Graves 1988 {published data only}
    1. Graves T, Meyers AW, Clark L. An evaluation of parental problem‐solving training in the behavioral treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1988;56:246‐50. - PubMed
Gregori 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gregori D, Vecchio MG, Nikolakis A, Galasso F. Even a very intense advertising promoting fruit consumption is not enough to have children eating more fruit: results from an experimental study in Italy. Obesity Facts 2014;7:176.
Griffin 2013 {published data only}
    1. Griffin K, Meaney K, Hart M. The impact of a mastery motivational climate on obese and overweight children's commitment to and enjoyment of physical activity: a pilot study. American Journal of Health Education 2013;44:1‐8.
Grow 2014 {published data only}
    1. Grow HMG, Hencz P, Verbovski MJ, Gregerson L, Liu LL, Dossett L, et al. Partnering for success and sustainability in community‐based child obesity intervention: seeking to help families ACT!. Family & Community Health 2014;37:45‐59. - PubMed
Guixeres 2009 {published data only}
    1. Guixeres J, Zaragoza I, Alcaniz M, Gomistena J, Cebolla A. A new protocol test for physical activity research in obese children (Etiobe Project). Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine 2009;7:281‐3. - PubMed
Gunnarsdottir 2011b {published data only}
    1. Gunnarsdottir T, Njardvik U, Olafsdottir AS, Craighead LW, Bjarnason R. The role of parental motivation in family‐based treatment for childhood obesity. Obesity 2011;19:1654‐62. - PubMed
Gunnarsdottir 2014 {published data only}
    1. Gunnarsdottir T, Einarsson SM, Njardvik U, Olafsdottir AS, Gunnarsdottir AB, Helgason T, et al. Family‐based behavioral treatment for obese children ‐ results and two year follow up. Laeknabladid 2014;100:139‐45. - PubMed
Gunther 2007 {published data only}
    1. Gunther ALB, Buyken AE, Kroke A. Protein intake during the period of complementary feeding and early childhood and the association with body mass index and percentage body fat at 7 y of age. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007;85:1626‐33. - PubMed
Gussinyer 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gussinyer S, Garcia‐Reyna NI, Carrascosa A, Gussinyer M, Yeste D, Clemente M, et al. Anthropometric, dietetic and psychological changes after application of the "Niños en movimiento" program in childhood obesity. Medicina Clinica 2008;131:245‐9. - PubMed
Gutin 1996 {published data only}
    1. Gutin B, Cucuzzo N, Islam S, Smith C, Stachura ME. Physical training, lifestyle education, and coronary risk factors in obese girls. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 1996;28:19‐23. - PubMed
Gutin 1999a {published data only}
    1. Gutin B, Owens S, Okuyama T, Riggs S, Ferguson M, Litaker M. Effect of physical training and its cessation on percent fat and bone density of children with obesity. Obesity Research 1999;7:208‐14. - PubMed
Gutin 1999b {published data only}
    1. Gutin B, Ramsey L, Barbeau P, Cannady W, Ferguson M, Litaker M, et al. Plasma leptin concentrations in obese children: changes during 4‐mo periods with and without physical training. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1999;69:388‐94. - PubMed
Gutin 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gutin B, Yin Z, Johnson M, Barbeau P. Preliminary findings of the effect of a 3‐year after‐school physical activity intervention on fitness and body fat: the Medical College of Georgia Fitkid Project. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2008;3(Suppl 1):3‐9. - PubMed
Habib‐Mourad 2014a {published data only}
    1. Habib‐Mourad C, Ghandour L, Moore H, Hwalla N, Summerbell C. An intervention to promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity in Lebanese School children: Health‐E‐PALS, a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial. Obesity Facts 2014;7:158‐9.
Habib‐Mourad 2014b {published data only}
    1. Habib‐Mourad C, Ghandour LA, Moore HJ, Nabhani‐Zeidan M, Adetayo K, Hwalla N, et al. Promoting healthy eating and physical activity among school children: findings from Health‐E‐PALS, the first pilot intervention from Lebanon. BMC Public Health 2014;14:940. - PMC - PubMed
Habib‐Mourad 2014c {published data only}
    1. Habib‐Mourad C, Moore HJ, Nabhani‐Zeidan M, Hwalla N, Summerbell C. Health‐E‐PALS: promoting Healthy Eating and Physical Activity in Lebanese school children ‐ intervention development. Education & Health 2014;32:3‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Haemer 2013 {published data only}
    1. Haemer MA, Ranade D, Baron AE, Krebs NF. A clinical model of obesity treatment is more effective in preschoolers and Spanish speaking families. Obesity 2013;21:1004‐12. - PMC - PubMed
Hager 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hager ER, Turner L. Successes of the Healthy Hunger‐Free Kids Act. JAMA Pediatrics 2016;170:1‐2. - PubMed
Hajihashemi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hajihashemi P, Azadbakht L, Hashemipor M, Kelishadi R, Esmaillzadeh A. Whole‐grain intake favorably affects markers of systemic inflammation in obese children: a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2014;58:1301‐8. - PubMed
Hammarlund 1993 {published data only}
    1. Hammarlund VA. Development and evaluation of a weight control program for obese preadolescent children. Dissertation Abstracts International. 1993; Vol. 53:4596.
Hansen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hansen PR, Andersen LJ, Rebelo AN, Brito J, Hornstrup T, Schmidt JF, et al. Cardiovascular effects of 3 months of football training in overweight children examined by comprehensive echocardiography: a pilot study. Journal of Sports Sciences 2013;31:1432‐40. - PubMed
Harder‐Lauridsen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Harder‐Lauridsen NM, Birk NM, Ried‐Larsen M, Juul A, Andersen LB, Pedersen BK, et al. A randomized controlled trial on a multicomponent intervention for overweight school‐aged children ‐ Copenhagen, Denmark. BMC Pediatrics 2014;14:273. - PMC - PubMed
Hardman 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hardman CA, Horne PJ, Lowe CF. A home‐based intervention to increase physical activity in girls: the Fit 'n' Fun Dudes program. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness 2009;7:1‐8.
Harrell 1998 {published data only}
    1. Harrell JS, Gansky SA, McMurray RG, Bangdiwala SI, Frauman AC, Bradley CB. School‐based interventions improve heart health in children with multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors. Pediatrics 1998;102:371‐80. - PubMed
Harrison 2006 {published data only}
    1. Harrison M, Burns CF, McGuinness M, Heslin J, Murphy NM. Influence of a health education intervention on physical activity and screen time in primary school children: 'Switch Off‐‐Get Active'. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport 2006;9:388‐94. - PubMed
Hartlieb 2015 {published data only}
    1. Hartlieb KB, Jacques‐Tiura AJ, Naar‐King S, Ellis DA, Jen KC, Marshall S. Recruitment strategies and the retention of obese urban racial/ethnic minority adolescents in clinical trials: the FIT Families Project, Michigan, 2010‐2014. Preventing Chronic Disease: Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy 2015;12:1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Hashemipour 2009 {published data only}
    1. Hashemipour M, Kelishadi R, Shapouri J. Effect of zinc supplementation on insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in prepubescent obese children. Pediatric Diabetes 2009;10:94. - PubMed
Haszard 2015 {published data only}
    1. Haszard JJ, Skidmore PM, Williams SM, Taylor RW. Associations between parental feeding practices, problem food behaviours and dietary intake in New Zealand overweight children aged 4‐8 years. Public Health Nutrition 2015;18:1036‐43. - PMC - PubMed
Heuser 2008 {published data only}
    1. Heuser L, Herbig S. The childhood obesity challenge‐‐Tap into Fitness: program overview and results analysis. The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association 2008;106:118‐22. - PubMed
Hollinghurst 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hollinghurst S, Hunt LP, Banks J, Sharp DJ, Shield JP. Cost and effectiveness of treatment options for childhood obesity. Pediatric Obesity 2014;9:e26‐e34. - PubMed
Holmes 2008 {published data only}
    1. Holmes T. Using reality therapy to influence health behaviors: childhood obesity. International Journal of Reality Therapy 2008;28:78‐80.
Horsak 2015 {published data only}
    1. Horsak B, Artner D, Baca A, Pobatschnig B, Greber‐Platzer S, Nehrer S, et al. The effects of a strength and neuromuscular exercise programme for the lower extremity on knee load, pain and function in obese children and adolescents: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015;16:586. - PMC - PubMed
Horton 2013 {published data only}
    1. Horton LA, Parada H, Slymen DJ, Arredondo E, Ibarra L, Ayala GX. Targeting children's dietary behaviors in a family intervention: 'Entre familia: reflejos de salud'. Salud Publica de Mexico 2013;55:397‐405. - PubMed
Huang 2007 {published data only}
    1. Huang SH, Weng KP, Hsieh KS, Ou SF, Lin CC, Chien KJ, et al. Effects of a classroom‐based weight‐control intervention on cardiovascular disease in elementary‐school obese children. Acta Paediatrica Taiwanica 2007;48:201‐6. - PubMed
Huang 2015a {published data only}
    1. Huang T, Larsen KT, Jepsen JR, Moller NC, Thorsen AK, Mortensen EL, et al. Effects of an obesity intervention program on cognitive function in children: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity 2015;23:2101‐8. - PubMed
Huang 2015b {published data only}
    1. Huang T, Larsen KT, Moller NC, Ried‐Larsen M, Frandsen U, Andersen LB. Effects of a multi‐component camp‐based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: a randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine: An International Journal Devoted to Practice and Theory 2015;81:367‐72. - PubMed
Hystad 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hystad HT, Steinsbekk S, Odegard R, Wichstrom L, Gudbrandsen OA. A randomised study on the effectiveness of therapist‐led v. self‐help parental intervention for treating childhood obesity. British Journal of Nutrition 2013;110:1143‐50. - PubMed
Iannuzzi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Iannuzzi A, Licenziati MR, Vacca M, Marco D, Cinquegrana G, Laccetti M, et al. Comparison of two diets of varying glycemic index on carotid subclinical atherosclerosis in obese children. Heart & Vessels 2009;24:419‐24. - PubMed
Ibarra‐Reynoso 2015 {published data only}
    1. Ibarra‐Reynoso Ldel R, Pisarchyk L, Perez‐Luque EL, Garay‐Sevilla ME, Malacara JM. Dietary restriction in obese children and its relation with eating behavior, fibroblast growth factor 21 and leptin: a prospective clinical intervention study. Nutrition & Metabolism 2015;12:31. - PMC - PubMed
Ildiko 2007 {published data only}
    1. Ildiko V, Zsofia M, Janos M, Andreas P, Dora NE, Andras P, et al. Activity‐related changes of body fat and motor performance in obese seven‐year‐old boys. Journal of Physiological Anthropology 2007;26:333‐7. - PubMed
Innes‐Hughes 2016 {published data only}
    1. Innes‐Hughes C, Khanal S, Lukeis S, Rissel C. Go4Fun: an effective Australian community based obesity treatment program for children. Obesity Reviews 2016;17:124.
Israel 1984 {published data only}
    1. Israel AC, Stolmaker L, Sharp JP, Silverman WK, Simon LG. An evaluation of two methods of parental involvement in treating obese children. Behavior Therapy 1984;15:266‐72.
Israel 1985 {published data only}
    1. Israel AC, Stolmaker L, Andrian CAG. The effects of training parents in general child management skills on a behavioral weight loss program for children. Behavior Therapy 1985; Vol. 16:169‐80.
Israel 1994 {published data only}
    1. Israel AC, Guile CA, Baker JE, Silverman WK. An evaluation of enhanced self‐regulation training in the treatment of childhood obesity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 1994;19:737‐49. - PubMed
Jacobson 2009 {published data only}
    1. Jacobson D. A primary care school age Healthy Choices Intervention program [Dissertation]. Arizona: Arizona State University, 2009.
Jago 2013 {published data only}
    1. Jago R, Drews KL, McMurray RG, Baranowski T, Galassetti P, Foster GD, et al. BMI change, fitness change and cardiometabolic risk factors among 8th grade youth. Pediatric Exercise Science 2013;25:52‐68. - PMC - PubMed
James 2000 {published data only}
    1. James KS. A school based intervention to reduce television use decreased adiposity in children in grades 3 and 4. Evidence Based Nursing 2000;3:43. - PMC - PubMed
Janicke 2008a {published data only}
    1. Janicke DM, Sallinen BJ, Perri MG, Lutes LD, Huerta M, Silverstein JH, et al. Comparison of parent‐only vs family‐based interventions for overweight children in underserved rural settings: outcomes from project STORY. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 2008;162:1119‐25. - PMC - PubMed
Janicke 2008b {published data only}
    1. Janicke DM, Sallinen BJ, Perri MG, Lutes LD, Silverstein JH, Huerta MG, et al. Sensible treatment of obesity in rural youth (STORY): design and methods. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2008;29:270‐80. - PMC - PubMed
Janicke 2009 {published data only}
    1. Janicke DM, Sallinen BJ, Perri MG, Lutes LD, Silverstein JH, Brumback B. Comparison of program costs for parent‐only and family‐based interventions for pediatric obesity in medically underserved rural settings. Journal of Rural Health 2009;25:326‐30. - PMC - PubMed
Janicke 2011 {published data only}
    1. Janicke DM, Gray WN, Mathews AE, Simon SL, Lim CS, Dumont‐Driscoll M, et al. A pilot study examining a group‐based behavioral family intervention for obese children enrolled in Medicaid: differential outcomes by race. Children's Health Care 2011;40:212‐31.
Janicke 2013 {published data only}
    1. Janicke DM, Lim CS, Mathews AE, Shelnutt KP, Boggs SR, Silverstein JH, et al. The community‐based healthy‐lifestyle intervention for rural preschools (CHIRP) study: design and methods. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;34:187‐95. - PMC - PubMed
Jansen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Jansen E, Mulkens S, Jansen A. Tackling childhood overweight: treating parents exclusively is effective. International Journal of Obesity 2011;35:501‐9. - PubMed
Jensen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jensen CD, Aylward BS, Steele RG. Predictors of attendance in a practical clinical trial of two pediatric weight management interventions. Obesity 2012;20:2250‐6. - PubMed
Jensen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Jensen ME, Gibson PG, Collins CE, Hilton JM, Wood LG. Diet‐induced weight loss in obese children with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2013;43:775‐84. - PubMed
Jensen 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jensen BW, Kappelgaard LM, Nielsen BM, Husby I, Bugge A, El‐Naaman B, et al. Intervention effects on dietary intake among children by maternal education level: results of the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS). British Journal of Nutrition 2015;113:963‐74. - PubMed
Jernigan 2015 {published data only}
    1. Jernigan MM, Rosenthal L, Carroll‐Scott A, Peters SM, McCaslin C, Ickovics JR. Emotional health predicts changes in body mass index (BMI‐z) among black and Latino youth. Clinical Pediatrics 2015;54:693‐96. - PMC - PubMed
John 2009 {published data only}
    1. John R. Effects of parent‐focused media interventions on body mass index, waist size, self‐perception, family eating habits, and family activity habits in overweight Hispanic children [Dissertation]. Columbia: Teachers College, Columbia University, 2009.
Johnston 2013 {published data only}
    1. Johnston CA, Moreno J, El‐Mubasher A, Papaioannou MA, Woehler D. Inclusion of peers in a school‐based obesity intervention. FASEB Journal 2013;27:1063.22.
Jones 2015a {published data only}
    1. Jones RA, Kelly J, Cliff DP, Batterham M, Okely AD. Acceptability and potential efficacy of single‐sex after‐school activity programs for overweight and at‐risk children: the Wollongong SPORT RCT. Pediatric Exercise Science 2015;27:535‐45. - PubMed
Jurg 2006 {published data only}
    1. Jurg ME, Kremers SP, Candel MJ, Wal MF, Meij JS. A controlled trial of a school‐based environmental intervention to improve physical activity in Dutch children: JUMP‐in, kids in motion. Health Promotion International 2006;21:320‐30. - PubMed
Kain 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kain J, Leyton B, Cerda R, Vio F, Uauy R. Two‐year controlled effectiveness trial of a school‐based intervention to prevent obesity in Chilean children. Public Health Nutrition 2009;12:1451‐61. - PubMed
Kalarchian 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kalarchian MA, Levine MD, Marcus MD. Structured dietary interventions in the treatment of severe pediatric obesity: a pilot study. Bariatric Surgical Practice and Patient Care 2013;8:58‐60. - PMC - PubMed
Kang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kang HS, Ryu MH, Park S. The effects of a weight loss program focusing on maternal education on childhood obesity. Asian Nursing Research 2008;2:150‐8. - PubMed
Karacabey 2009 {published data only}
    1. Karacabey K. The effect of exercise on leptin, insulin, cortisol and lipid profiles in obese children. Journal of International Medical Research 2009;37:1472‐8. - PubMed
Kelishadi 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kelishadi R, Hashemipour M, Mohammadifard N, Alikhassy H, Adeli K. Short‐ and long‐term relationships of serum ghrelin with changes in body composition and the metabolic syndrome in prepubescent obese children following two different weight loss programmes. Clinical Endocrinology 2008;69:721‐29. - PubMed
Kelishadi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kelishadi R, Zemel MB, Hashemipour M, Hosseini M, Mohammadifard N, Poursafa P. Can a dairy‐rich diet be effective in long‐term weight control of young children?. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2009;28:601‐10. - PubMed
Kelishadi 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kelishadi R, Zemel M. Three‐year study on the effects of a trial of a dairy‐rich diet on body composition, insulin resistance, and components of the metabolic syndrome among obese prepubescent children. Circulation 2010;122(2):e188‐9.
Kerr 2000 {published data only}
    1. Kerr CM. A school based, interdisciplinary curriculum in grades 6 and 7 reduced obesity in girls. Evidence Based Nursing 2000;3:13.
Khadilkar 2012 {published data only}
    1. Khadilkar VV, Pandit DS, Khadilkar AV, Chiplonkar SA, Kinare AS. Diet and exercise intervention, with special reference to micronutrients, reduces cardiometabolic risk in overweight children. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2012;16:124‐33. - PMC - PubMed
Kim 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kim HS, Park J, Park KY, Lee MN, Ham OK. Parent involvement intervention in developing weight management skills for both parents and overweight/obese children. Asian Nursing Research 2016;10:11‐7. - PubMed
Kipping 2008 {published data only}
    1. Kipping RR, Payne C, Lawlor DA. Randomised controlled trial adapting US school obesity prevention to England. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2008;93:469‐73. - PubMed
Kirschenbaum 1984 {published data only}
    1. Kirschenbaum DS, Harris ES, Tomarken AJ. Effects of parental involvement in behavioral weight loss therapy for preadolescents. Behavior Therapy 1984;15:485‐500.
Klesges 2008 {published data only}
    1. Klesges RC, Obarzanek E, Klesges LM, Stockton MB, Beech BM, Murray DM, et al. Memphis Girls health Enrichment Multi‐site Studies (GEMS): Phase 2: design and baseline. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2008;29:42‐55. - PubMed
Klitzman 2015 {published data only}
    1. Klitzman P, Armstrong B, Janicke DM. Distance as a predictor of treatment attendance in a family based pediatric weight management program in rural areas. Journal of Rural Health 2015;31:19‐26. - PubMed
Kohno 1994 {published data only}
    1. Kohno H, Tanaka H, Honda S. Therapeutic assessment of childhood obesity with body composition measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Fukuoka igaku zasshi = Hukuoka acta medica 1994;85:267‐70. - PubMed
Kokkvoll 2014 {published data only}
    1. Kokkvoll A, Grimsgaard S, Odegaard R, Flaegstad T, Njolstad I. Single versus multiple‐family intervention in childhood overweight‐‐Finnmark Activity School: a randomised trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2014;99:225‐31. - PMC - PubMed
Kolko 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kolko RP, Teim KR, Stein RI, Saelens BE, Perri MG, Schechtman KB, et al. Self‐and parent‐reported psychosocial symptoms in overweight children. Obesity 2010;18:S116.
Krafft 2014a {published data only}
    1. Krafft CE, Pierce JE, Schwarz NF, Chi L, Weinberger AL, Schaeffer DJ, et al. An eight month randomized controlled exercise intervention alters resting state synchrony in overweight children. Neuroscience 2014;256:445‐55. - PMC - PubMed
Krafft 2014b {published data only}
    1. Krafft CE, Schaeffer DJ, Schwarz NF, Chi L, Weinberger AL, Pierce JE, et al. Improved frontoparietal white matter integrity in overweight children is associated with attendance at an after‐school exercise program. Developmental Neuroscience 2014;36:1‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Krafft 2014c {published data only}
    1. Krafft CE, Schwarz NF, Chi L, Weinberger AL, Schaeffer DJ, Pierce JE, et al. An 8‐month randomized controlled exercise trial alters brain activation during cognitive tasks in overweight children. Obesity 2014;22:232‐42. - PMC - PubMed
Kriemler 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kriemler S, Zahner L, Schindler C, Meyer U, Hartmann T, Hebestreit H, et al. Effect of school based physical activity programme (KISS) on fitness and adiposity in primary schoolchildren: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2010;340:c785. - PMC - PubMed
Kuni 2015 {published data only}
    1. Kuni B, Ruhling NE, Hegar U, Roth C, Schmitt H. Ball games and nutrition counseling improve postural control in overweight children. BMC Pediatrics 2015;15:205. - PMC - PubMed
Larsen 2010 {published data only}
    1. Larsen TM, Dalskov S, Baak M, Jebb S, Kafatos A, Pfeiffer A, et al. The Diet, Obesity and Genes (Diogenes) Dietary Study in eight European countries ‐ a comprehensive design for long‐term intervention. Obesity Reviews 2010;11:76‐91. - PubMed
Larsen 2016 {published data only}
    1. Larsen KT, Huang T, Ried‐Larsen M, Andersen LB, Heidemann M, Moller NC. A multi‐component day‐camp weight‐loss program is effective in reducing BMI in children after one year: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 2016;11:e0157182. - PMC - PubMed
Lau 2015 {published data only}
    1. Lau PW, Wong DP, Ngo JK, Liang Y, Kim CG, Kim HS. Effects of high‐intensity intermittent running exercise in overweight children. European Journal of Sport Science EJSS: Official Journal of the European College of Sport Science 2015;15:182‐90. - PubMed
Leach 2008 {published data only}
    1. Leach RA, Yates JM. Nutrition and youth soccer for childhood overweight: a pilot novel chiropractic health education intervention. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics 2008;31:434‐41. - PubMed
Li 2010 {published data only}
    1. Li Y, Hu X, Zhang Q, Liu A, Fang H, Hao L, et al. The nutrition‐based comprehensive intervention study on childhood obesity in China (NISCOC): a randomised cluster controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2010;10:229. - PMC - PubMed
Looney 2012 {published data only}
    1. Looney SM, Raynor HA. Are changes in consumption of "healthy" foods related to changes in consumption of "unhealthy" foods during pediatric obesity treatment?. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health 2012;9:1368‐78. - PMC - PubMed
Lopes 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lopes L, Lopes V, Pereira B. Physical activity levels in normal weight and overweight Portuguese children: an intervention study during an elementary school recess. International Electronic Journal of Health Education 2009;12:175‐84.
Loughrey 2009 {published data only}
    1. Loughrey A. Tackling childhood obesity: the whole‐school approach. British Journal of School Nursing 2009;4:147‐8.
Luley 2010 {published data only}
    1. Luley C, Blaik A, Aronica S, Dierkes J, Kropf S, Westphal S. Evaluation of three new strategies to fight obesity in families. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2010;2010:1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Madsen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Madsen K, Thompson H, Adkins A, Crawford Y. School‐community partnerships: a cluster‐randomized trial of an after‐school soccer program. JAMA Pediatrics 2013;167:321‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Makkes 2011 {published data only}
    1. Makkes S, Halberstadt J, Renders CM, Bosmans JE, Baan‐Slootweg OH, Seidell JC. Cost‐effectiveness of intensive inpatient treatments for severely obese children and adolescents in the Netherlands; a randomized controlled trial (HELIOS). BMC Public Health 2011;11:518. - PMC - PubMed
Maloney 2012 {published data only}
    1. Maloney AE, Threlkeld KA, Cook WL. Comparative effectiveness of a 12‐week physical activity intervention for overweight and obese youth: exergaming with "Dance Dance Revolution". Games for Health Journal 2012;1:96‐103. - PubMed
Manchester 1978 {published data only}
    1. Manchester CF. A study of the effects of three weight counseling techniques and one nutrition education technique on the weight, skinfold measures, and self concepts of black, urban, obese elementary school children. Dissertation Abstracts International. 1978; Vol. 38:6539‐40.
Marcus 2009 {published data only}
    1. Marcus C, Nyberg G, Nordenfelt A, Karpmyr M, Kowalski J, Ekelund U. A 4‐year, cluster‐randomized, controlled childhood obesity prevention study: STOPP. International Journal of Obesity 2009;33:408‐17. - PubMed
Marild 2013 {published data only}
    1. Marild S, Gronowitz E, Forsell C, Dahlgren J, Friberg P. A controlled study of lifestyle treatment in primary care for children with obesity. Pediatric Obesity 2013;8:207‐17. - PubMed
Maron 2014 {published data only}
    1. Maron L, Maeder M, Kirchhoff E, Ardelt‐Gattinger E, L'Allemand D, Laimbacher J. Individual therapy equals group therapy in significantly improving mental and physical health in obese children. Swiss Medical Weekly 2014;144:20S.
Martinez 2008 {published data only}
    1. Martinez Vizcaino V, Salcedo Aguilar F, Franquelo Gutierrez R, Solera Martinez M, Sanchez Lopez M, Serrano Martinez S, et al. Assessment of an after‐school physical activity program to prevent obesity among 9‐ to 10‐year‐old children: a cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32:12‐22. - PubMed
Matheson 2015 {published data only}
    1. Matheson BE, Camacho C, Peterson CB, Rhee KE, Rydell SA, Zucker NL, et al. The relationship between parent feeding styles and general parenting with loss of control eating in treatment‐seeking overweight and obese children. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2015;7:1047‐55. - PubMed
Mayurachat 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mayurachat K, Warunee F, Jutamas C, Patcharaporn A, Kennedy C. An Intervention Study of Changing Eating Behaviors and Reducing Weight in Thai Children Aged 10‐12. Pacific Rim International Journal of Nursing Research 2013;17:317‐28.
Mazzeo 2008 {published data only}
    1. Mazzeo SE, Gow RW, Stern M, Gerke CK. Developing an intervention for parents of overweight children. International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health 2008;1:355‐63.
Mazzeo 2011 {published data only}
    1. Mazzeo SE, Kelly NR, Thornton L, Stern M, Gow RW, Evans RK, et al. Parent skills training to enhance weight loss in overweight children: evaluation of NOURISH. Obesity 2011;19:S106. - PMC - PubMed
Mazzeo 2014 {published data only}
    1. Mazzeo SE, Kelly NR, Stern M, Gow RW, Cotter EW, Thornton LM, et al. Parent skills training to enhance weight loss in overweight children: evaluation of NOURISH. Eating Behaviors 2014;15(2):225‐9. - PMC - PubMed
McFarland 2014 {published data only}
    1. McFarland MA. Teens in Smyth County, Virginia get cooking with "Teen Cuisine". Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics 2014;114:A99.
McGuigan 2009 {published data only}
    1. McGuigan MR, Tatasciore M, Newton RU, Pettigrew S. Eight weeks of resistance training can significantly alter body composition in children who are overweight or obese. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research 2009;23:80‐5. - PubMed
Medrano 2015 {published data only}
    1. Medrano M, Maiz E, Maldonado‐Martin S, Arenaza L, Rodriguez‐Vigil B, Ortega FB, et al. The effect of a multidisciplinary intervention program on hepatic adiposity in overweight‐obese children: protocol of the EFIGRO study. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2015;45:346‐55. - PubMed
Minossi 2014 {published data only}
    1. Minossi V, Cecchetto FH, Pellanda LC. Healthy habits education for overweight children impacts both children and caregivers: a randomized clinical trial. Global Heart 2014;1:e226‐7.
Minossi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Minossi V, Pellanda LC. The "Happy Heart" educational program for changes in health habits in children and their families: protocol for a randomized clinical trial. BMC Pediatrics 2015;15:19. - PMC - PubMed
Moens 2012 {published data only}
    1. Moens E, Braet C. Training parents of overweight children in parenting skills: a 12‐month evaluation. Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy 2012;40:1‐18. - PubMed
Moreno 2015 {published data only}
    1. Moreno JP, Johnston CA, Hernandez DC, LeNoble J, Papaioannou MA, Foreyt JP. Impact of parental weight status on a school‐based weight management programme designed for Mexican‐American children. Pediatric Obesity 2015;5:5. - PubMed
Morgan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Morgan AZ, Ulrich P, Simmons KP, Gropper SS, Connell LJ, Daniels MK, et al. Effectiveness of a multi‐faceted, school‐based health intervention program with 4th graders in Alabama. Children and Youth Services Review 2014;37:46‐54.
Mo‐suwan 1998 {published data only}
    1. Mo‐suwan L, Pongprapai S, Junjana C, Puetpaiboon A. Effects of a controlled trial of a school‐based exercise program on the obesity indexes of preschool children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1998;68:1006‐11. - PubMed
Muckelbauer 2009a {published data only}
    1. Muckelbauer R, Libuda L, Clausen K, Reinehr T, Kersting M. A simple dietary intervention in the school setting decreased incidence of overweight in children. Obesity Facts 2009;2:282‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Muckelbauer 2009b {published data only}
    1. Muckelbauer R, Libuda L, Clausen K, Toschke AM, Reinehr T, Kersting M. Promotion and provision of drinking water in schools for overweight prevention: randomized, controlled cluster trial. Pediatrics 2009;123:e661‐7. - PubMed
Munsch 2008 {published data only}
    1. Munsch S, Roth B, Michael T, Meyer AH, Biedert E, Roth S, et al. Randomized controlled comparison of two cognitive behavioral therapies for obese children: mother versus mother‐child cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics 2008;77:235‐46. - PubMed
Murphy 2009 {published data only}
    1. Murphy EC, Carson L, Neal W, Baylis C, Donley D, Yeater R. Effects of an exercise intervention using Dance Dance Revolution on endothelial function and other risk factors in overweight children. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2009;4:205‐14. - PubMed
Mustila 2012 {published data only}
    1. Mustila T, Raitanen J, Keskinen P, Saari A, Luoto R. Lifestyle counseling during pregnancy and offspring weight development until four years of age: follow‐up study of a controlled trial. Journal of Negative Results in Biomedicine 2012;11:11. - PMC - PubMed
Muth 2008 {published data only}
    1. Muth ND, Chatterjee A, Williams D, Cross A, Flower K. Making an IMPACT: effect of a school‐based pilot intervention. North Carolina Medical Journal 2008;69:432‐40. - PubMed
NCT00284557 {published data only}
    1. NCT00284557. A primary care behavioral approach for addressing childhood overweight. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00284557 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
Nemet 2006 {published data only}
    1. Nemet D, Berger‐Shemesh E, Wolach B, Eliakim A. A combined dietary‐physical activity intervention affects bone strength in obese children and adolescents. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2006;27:666‐71. - PubMed
Nemet 2013a {published data only}
    1. Nemet D, Geva D, Pantanowitz M, Igbaria N, Meckel Y, Eliakim A. Long term effects of a health promotion intervention in low socioeconomic Arab‐ Israeli kindergartens. BMC Pediatrics 2013;13:45. - PMC - PubMed
Nemet 2013b {published data only}
    1. Nemet D, Oren S, Pantanowitz M, Eliakim A. Effects of a multidisciplinary childhood obesity treatment intervention on adipocytokines, inflammatory and growth mediators. Hormone Research in Pediatrics 2013;79:325‐32. - PubMed
Nogueira 2014 {published data only}
    1. Nogueira RC, Weeks BK, Beck BR. An in‐school exercise intervention to enhance bone and reduce fat in girls: the CAPO Kids trial. Bone 2014;68:92‐9. - PubMed
Nogueira 2015 {published data only}
    1. Nogueira RC, Weeks BK, Beck BR. Targeting bone and fat with novel exercise for peripubertal boys: The CAPO Kids trial. Pediatric Exercise Science 2015;27:128‐39. - PubMed
Nowicka 2010 {published data only}
    1. Nowicka P, Price G, Suri V, Shaw M, Mercado J, Tamborlane WV, et al. Providing a cost‐effective comprehensive weight management program for highly obese children ‐ not a mission impossible. Obesity 2010;18:S148‐9.
Nuutinen 1992 {published data only}
    1. Nuutinen O, Knip M. Predictors of weight reduction in obese children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1992;46:785‐94. - PubMed
O'Malley 2011 {published data only}
    1. O'Malley G. Aerobic exercise enhances executive function and academic achievement in sedentary, overweight children aged 7‐11 years. Journal of Physiotherapy 2011;57:255. - PubMed
Okely 2010 {published data only}
    1. Okely AD, Collins CE, Morgan PJ, Jones RA, Warren JM, Cliff DP, et al. Multi‐site randomized controlled trial of a child‐centered physical activity program, a parent‐centered dietary‐modification program, or both in overweight children: the HIKCUPS study. Journal of Pediatrics 2010;157:388‐94.e1. - PubMed
Oliveras 2013 {published data only}
    1. Oliveras Lopez MJ, Muros Molina J, Martin F, Lopez Garcia De La Serrana H. Influence of moderate‐vigorous physical activity and extra virgin olive oil in children catalase activity. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2013;63:616.
Parente 2006 {published data only}
    1. Parente EB, Guazzelli I, Ribeiro MM, Silva AG, Halpern A, Villares SM. Obese children lipid profile: effects of hypocaloric diet and aerobic physical exercise. Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia 2006;50:499‐504. - PubMed
Parillo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Parillo M, Licenziati MR, Vacca M, Marco D, Iannuzzi A. Metabolic changes after a hypocaloric, low‐glycemic‐index diet in obese children. Journal Of Endocrinological Investigation 2012;35:629‐33. - PubMed
Parra‐Medina 2011 {published data only}
    1. Parra‐Medina D, Mojica CM, Parma DL, Rubalcava L, Ramos AI. Preliminary results from an obesity management intervention in a rural pediatric practice: The NEST study. Obesity 2011;19:S110.
Pedrosa 2011a {published data only}
    1. Pedrosa C, Oliveira BM, Albuquerque I, Simoes‐Pereira C, Vaz‐de‐Almeida MD, Correia F. Markers of metabolic syndrome in obese children before and after 1‐year lifestyle intervention program. European Journal of Nutrition 2011;50:391‐400. - PubMed
Pedrosa 2011b {published data only}
    1. Pedrosa C, Oliveira BM, Albuquerque I, Simoes‐Pereira C, Vaz‐de‐Almeida MD, Correia F. Metabolic syndrome, adipokines and ghrelin in overweight and obese schoolchildren: results of a 1‐year lifestyle intervention programme. European Journal of Pediatrics 2011;170:483‐92. - PubMed
Perman 2008 {published data only}
    1. Perman JA, Young TL, Stines E, Hamon J, Turner LM, Rowe MG. A community‐driven obesity prevention and intervention in an elementary school. The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association 2008;106:104‐8. - PubMed
Perry 1979 {published data only}
    1. Perry RP, LeBow MD, Buser MM. An exploration of obese observational learning in modifying selected eating responses of obese children. International Journal of Obesity 1979;3:193‐9. - PubMed
Petty 2009 {published data only}
    1. Petty KH, Davis CL, Tkacz J, Young‐Hyman D, Waller JL. Exercise effects on depressive symptoms and self‐worth in overweight children: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2009;34:929‐39. - PMC - PubMed
Plachta‐Danielzik 2007 {published data only}
    1. Plachta‐Danielzik S, Pust S, Asbeck I, Czerwinski‐Mast M, Langnase K, Fischer C, et al. Four‐year follow‐up of school‐based intervention on overweight children: the KOPS study. Obesity 2007;15:3159‐69. - PubMed
Plummer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Plummer MLC, Brown S. From cook to chef: a new perspective on child care. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics 2014;114:A59.
Polacsek 2009 {published data only}
    1. Polacsek M, Orr J, Letourneau L, Rogers V, Holmberg R, O'Rourke K, et al. Impact of a primary care intervention on physician practice and patient and family behavior: Keep ME Healthy‐The Maine Youth Overweight Collaborative. Pediatrics 2009;123:258‐66. - PubMed
Pontin 2004 {published data only}
    1. Pontin D. A school based programme to reduce carbonated drink consumption reduced obesity in children. Evidence Based Nursing 2004;7:105. - PubMed
Poulsen 2011 {published data only}
    1. Poulsen AA, Desha L, Ziviani J, Griffiths L, Heaslop A, Khan A, et al. Fundamental movement skills and self‐concept of children who are overweight. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2011;6:e464‐71. - PubMed
Prado 2009 {published data only}
    1. Prado DM, Silva AG, Trombetta IC, Ribeiro MM, Nicolau CM, Guazzelli IC, et al. Weight loss associated with exercise training restores ventilatory efficiency in obese children. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2009;30:821‐6. - PubMed
Puder 2009 {published data only}
    1. Puder JJ, Zahner L, Schindler C, Meyer U, Hebestreit H, Rocca HBL, et al. A school‐based physical activity program increases fitness and decreases adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in primary school children: a cluster‐randomized trial. Diabetologia 2009;52(S1):S330‐1.
Qu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Qu S. Evaluation on the effectiveness of intervention comprehensive program on child obesity, using Generalized Estimating Equation. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi = Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi 2014;35:773‐8. - PubMed
Racine 2010 {published data only}
    1. Racine NM, Watras AC, Carrel AL, Allen DB, Mcvean JJ, Clark RR, et al. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese children. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010;91:1157‐64. - PMC - PubMed
Ramon‐Krauel 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ramon‐Krauel M, Salsberg SL, Ebbeling CB, Voss SD, Mulkern RV, Apura MM, et al. A low‐glycemic‐load versus low‐fat diet in the treatment of fatty liver in obese children. Childhood Obesity 2013;9:252‐60. - PMC - PubMed
Rank 2012 {published data only}
    1. Rank M, Siegrist M, Wilks DC, Haller B, Wolfarth B, Langhof H, et al. Long‐term effects of an inpatient weight‐loss program in obese children and the role of genetic predisposition‐rationale and design of the LOGIC‐trial. BMC Pediatrics 2012;12:30. - PMC - PubMed
Rausch 2013 {published data only}
    1. Rausch Herscovici C, Kovalskys I, Gregorio MJ. Gender differences and a school‐based obesity prevention program in Argentina: a randomized trial. Pan American Journal of Public Health 2013;34:75‐82. - PubMed
Raynor 2002 {published data only}
    1. Raynor HA, Kilanowski CK, Esterlis I, Epstein LH. A cost‐analysis of adopting a healthful diet in a family‐based obesity treatment program. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 2002;102:645‐56. - PubMed
Raynor 2012 {published data only}
    1. Raynor HA, Osterholt KM, Hart CN, Jelalian E, Vivier P, Wing RR. Efficacy of U.S. paediatric obesity primary care guidelines: two randomized trials. Pediatric Obesity 2012;7:28‐38. - PMC - PubMed
Reinehr 2006 {published data only}
    1. Reinehr T, Sousa G, Toschke AM, Andler W. Long‐term follow‐up of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children after an obesity intervention. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2006;84:490‐6. - PubMed
Reinehr 2009 {published data only}
    1. Reinehr T, Kleber M, Toschke AM. Lifestyle intervention in obese children is associated with a decrease of the metabolic syndrome prevalence. Atherosclerosis 2009;207:174‐80. - PubMed
Reinehr 2011 {published data only}
    1. Reinehr T. Child‐centred physical activity programme and parent‐centred dietary programme alone or combined lead to sustainable reductions in BMI in 5‐10‐year‐olds: diet alone or diet plus activity programmes seemed most effective. Evidence Based Nursing 2011;14:12‐13. - PubMed
Resaland 2014 {published data only}
    1. Resaland G. Key results and implications from the Sogndal school intervention study‐a prospective controlled intervention study of two‐year school‐based 60 minutes daily physical activity on cardiovascular disease risk factors. Obesity Facts 2014;7:29.
Resnick 2009 {published data only}
    1. Resnick EA, Bishop M, O'Connell A, Hugo B, Isern G, Timm A, et al. The CHEER study to reduce BMI in elementary school students: a school‐based, parent‐directed study in Framingham, Massachusetts. Journal of School Nursing 2009;25:361‐72. - PubMed
Resnicow 2012 {published data only}
    1. Resnicow K, McMaster F, Woolford S, Slora E, Bocian A, Harris D, et al. Study design and baseline description of the BMI2 trial: reducing paediatric obesity in primary care practices. Pediatric Obesity 2012;7:3‐15. - PMC - PubMed
Riddiford‐Harland 2012 {published data only}
    1. Riddiford‐Harland D, Steele J, Baur L, Cliff D, Okely A, Morgan P, et al. Effects of a physical activity program on plantar pressures in overweight and obese children: RCT findings at 12 months follow‐up. Obesity Research and Clinical Practice 2012;6:76.
Riddiford‐Harland 2016 {published data only}
    1. Riddiford‐Harland DL, Steele JR, Cliff DP, Okely AD, Morgan PJ, Baur LA. Does participation in a physical activity program impact upon the feet of overweight and obese children?. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport 2016;19:51‐5. - PubMed
Riggs 2007 {published data only}
    1. Riggs NR, Kobayakawa Sakuma KL, Pentz MA. Preventing risk for obesity by promoting self‐regulation and decision‐making skills: pilot results from the PATHWAYS to health program (PATHWAYS). Evaluation Review 2007;31:287‐310. - PubMed
Robertson 2012 {published data only}
    1. Robertson W, Thorogood M, Inglis N, Grainger C, Stewart‐Brown S. Two‐year follow‐up of the 'Families for Health' programme for the treatment of childhood obesity. Child: Care, Health & Development 2012;38:229‐36. - PubMed
Robinson 1999 {published data only}
    1. Robinson TN. Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;282:1561‐7. - PubMed
Rodearmel 2006 {published data only}
    1. Rodearmel SJ, Wyatt HR, Barry MJ, Dong F, Pan D, Israel RG, et al. A family‐based approach to preventing excessive weight gain. Obesity 2006;14:1392‐401. - PubMed
Rohrer 2008 {published data only}
    1. Rohrer TR, Rizzo VF, Casar JJ, Muelbredt O, Sprengart S, Gortner L, et al. Changes in hepatic risk factors, metabolic variables, body composition, and physical fitness in obese children after a one‐year weight loss program. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 2008;21:837‐45. - PubMed
Rooney 2005 {published data only}
    1. Rooney BL, Gritt LR, Havens SJ, Mathiason MA, Clough EA. Growing healthy families: family use of pedometers to increase physical activity and slow the rate of obesity. WMJ 2005;104:54‐60. - PubMed
Rosado 2008 {published data only}
    1. Rosado JL, R Arellano M, Montemayor K, Garcia OP, C Caamano M. An increase of cereal intake as an approach to weight reduction in children is effective only when accompanied by nutrition education: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal 2008;7:28. - PMC - PubMed
Safavi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Safavi M, Farajian S, Kelishadi R, Mirlohi M, Hashemipour M. The effects of synbiotic supplementation on some cardio‐metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children: a randomized triple‐masked controlled trial. International Journal of Food Sciences & Nutrition 2013;64:687‐93. - PubMed
Salcedo 2010 {published data only}
    1. Salcedo Aguilar F, Martinez‐Vizcaino V, Sanchez Lopez M, Solera Martinez M, Franquelo Gutierrez R, Serrano Martinez S, et al. Impact of an after‐school physical activity program on obesity in children. Journal of Pediatrics 2010;157:36‐42.e3. - PubMed
Salehi‐Abargouei 2014 {published data only}
    1. Salehi‐Abargouei A, Asemi M, Mehrabani S, Feizi A, Safavi SM. Effect of low‐fat milk consumption compared to apple juice and water on the energy intake among 10‐12‐year‐old obese boys: a three‐way cross‐over clinical trial. International Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014;5:1405‐11. - PMC - PubMed
Sallis 1993 {published data only}
    1. Sallis JF, McKenzie TL, Alcaraz JE, Kolody B, Hovell MF, Nader PR. Project SPARK. Effects of physical education on adiposity in children. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1993;699:127‐36. - PubMed
Salmon 2008 {published data only}
    1. Salmon J, Ball K, Hume C, Booth M, Crawford D. Outcomes of a group‐randomized trial to prevent excess weight gain, reduce screen behaviours and promote physical activity in 10‐year‐old children: switch‐play. International Journal of Obesity 2008;32:601‐12. - PubMed
Sanchez‐Gomez 2012 {published data only}
    1. Sanchez‐Gomez LM, Fernandez‐Luque MJ, Ruiz‐Diaz L, Sanchez‐Alcalde R, Sierra‐Garcia B, Mayayo‐Vicente S, et al. A cluster‐randomised clinical trial comparing two cardiovascular health education strategies in a child population: the Savinghearts project. BMC Public Health 2012;12:1024. - PMC - PubMed
Schaeffer 2014 {published data only}
    1. Schaeffer DJ, Krafft CE, Schwarz NF, Chi L, Rodrigue AL, Pierce JE, et al. An 8‐month exercise intervention alters frontotemporal white matter integrity in overweight children. Psychophysiology 2014;51:728‐33. - PMC - PubMed
Seabra 2014 {published data only}
    1. Seabra AC, Seabra AF, Brito J, Krustrup P, Hansen PR, Mota J, et al. Effects of a 5‐month football program on perceived psychological status and body composition of overweight boys. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 2014;24(Suppl 1):10‐6. - PubMed
Senediak 1985 {published data only}
    1. Senediak C, Spence SH. Rapid versus gradual scheduling of therapeutic contact in a family based behavioural weight control programme for children. Behavioural Psychotherapy 1985;13:265‐87.
Sgro 2009 {published data only}
    1. Sgro M, McGuigan MR, Pettigrew S, Newton RU. The effect of duration of resistance training interventions in children who are overweight or obese. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 2009;23:1263‐70. - PubMed
Shalitin 2009 {published data only}
    1. Shalitin S, Ashkenazi‐Hoffnung L, Yackobovitch‐Gavan M, Nagelberg N, Karni Y, Hershkovitz E, et al. Effects of a twelve‐week randomized intervention of exercise and/or diet on weight loss and weight maintenance, and other metabolic parameters in obese preadolescent children. Hormone Research 2009;72:287‐301. - PubMed
Sherman 1992 {published data only}
    1. Sherman JB, Alexander MA, Gomez D, Kim M, Marole P. Intervention program for obese school children. Journal of Community Health Nursing 1992;9:183‐90. - PubMed
Slusser 2013 {published data only}
    1. Slusser WM, Sharif MZ, Toller Erausquin J, Kinsler JJ, Collin D, Prelip ML. Improving pverweight among at‐risk minority youth: results of a pilot intervention in after‐school programs. Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved 2013;24:12‐24. - PubMed
Small 2014 {published data only}
    1. Small L, Bonds‐McClain D, Melnyk B, Vaughan L, Gannon AM. The preliminary effects of a primary care‐based randomized treatment trial with overweight and obese young children and their parents. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 2014;28:198‐207. - PMC - PubMed
Sothern 2000a {published data only}
    1. Sothern MS, Loftin JM, Udall JN, Suskind RM, Ewing TL, Tang SC, et al. Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of a resistance training program in preadolescent obese children. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 2000;319:370‐5. - PubMed
Sothern 2000b {published data only}
    1. Sothern MS, Udall JN Jr, Suskind RM, Vargas A, Blecker U. Weight loss and growth velocity in obese children after very low calorie diet, exercise, and behavior modification. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 2000;89:1036‐43. - PubMed
Soto‐Sanchez 2014 {published data only}
    1. Soto‐Sanchez JP, Pavez Saldiviar NF, Bravo‐Gatica JI, White Ortiz AR, Jaque Fernandez FI, Vargas‐Gyllen CI, et al. Pilot study about the effectivity of an intervention based on games in nutritional status and muscle strength on children. Nutricion Hospitalaria 2014;30:147‐52. - PubMed
Speroni 2007 {published data only}
    1. Speroni KG, Earley C, Atherton M. Evaluating the effectiveness of the Kids Living Fit program: a comparative study. Journal of School Nursing 2007;23:329‐36. - PubMed
Spriet 2014 {published data only}
    1. Spriet SW, Davis KL. Diet‐induced weight loss in obese children with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2014;134(Suppl 3):S170. - PubMed
Steele 2012 {published data only}
    1. Steele RG, Aylward BS, Jensen CD, Cushing CC, Davis AM, Bovaird JA. Comparison of a family‐based group intervention for youths with obesity to a brief individual family intervention: a practical clinical trial of positively fit. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2012;37:53‐63. - PMC - PubMed
Steele 2014 {published data only}
    1. Steele RG, Jensen CD, Gayes LA, Leibold HC. Medium is the message: moderate parental control of feeding correlates with improved weight outcome in a pediatric obesity intervention. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2014;39:708‐17. - PubMed
Stettler 2015 {published data only}
    1. Stettler N, Wrotniak BH, Hill DL, Kumanyika SK, Xanthopoulos MS, Nihtianova S, et al. Prevention of excess weight gain in paediatric primary care: beverages only or multiple lifestyle factors. The Smart Step Study, a cluster‐randomized clinical trial. Pediatric Obesity 2015;10:267‐74. - PMC - PubMed
Stevens 2003 {published data only}
    1. Stevens J, Story M, Ring K, Murray DM, Cornell CE, Gittelsohn J. The impact of the Pathways intervention on psychosocial variables related to diet and physical activity in American Indian schoolchildren. Preventive Medicine 2003;37:S70‐9. - PubMed
Stewart 2009 {published data only}
    1. Stewart L, Reilly JJ, Hughes AR. Evidence‐based behavioral treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2009;18:189‐98. - PubMed
Stone 2003 {published data only}
    1. Stone EJ, Norman JE, Davis SM, Stewart D, Clay TE, Caballero B, et al. Design, implementation, and quality control in the Pathways American‐Indian multicenter trial. Preventive Medicine 2003;37:S13‐23. - PMC - PubMed
St‐Onge 2009 {published data only}
    1. St‐Onge MP, Goree LL, Gower B. High‐milk supplementation with healthy diet counseling does not affect weight loss but ameliorates insulin action compared with low‐milk supplementation in overweight children. Journal of Nutrition 2009;139:933‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Stovitz 2014 {published data only}
    1. Stovitz SD, Berge JM, Wetzsteon RJ, Sherwood NE, Hannan PJ, Himes JH. Stage 1 treatment of pediatric overweight and obesity: a pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial. Childhood Obesity 2014;10:50‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Sweeney 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sweeney K. A tool kit for battling childhood obesity: implementing the ABCD program for childhood obesity in pediatric primary care. Journal of Pediatric Healthcare 2010;24:e7‐8.
Sze 2015 {published data only}
    1. Sze YY, Daniel TO, Kilanowski CK, Collins RL, Epstein LH. Web‐based and mobile delivery of an episodic future thinking intervention for overweight and obese families: a feasibility study. JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth 2015;3(4):e97. - PMC - PubMed
Tak 2007 {published data only}
    1. Tak YR, An JY, Kim YA, Woo HY. The effects of a physical activity‐behavior modification combined intervention (PABM‐intervention) on metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese elementary school children. Daehan Ganho Haghoeji 2007;37:902‐13. - PubMed
Tanas 2011 {published data only}
    1. Tanas R, Pedretti S, Gilli G, Gagnayre R, Marcolongo R. Clinical evaluation of a family‐based therapeutic education programme for obese and overweight children and adolescents. Education Therapeutique du Patient / Therapeutic Patient Education 2011;3:S111‐20.
Taveras 2014 {published data only}
    1. Taveras EM, Marshall R, Horan CM, Gillman MW, Hacker K, Kleinman KP, et al. Improving children's obesity‐related health care quality: process outcomes of a cluster‐randomized controlled trial. Obesity 2014;22:27‐31. - PubMed
Taylor 2006 {published data only}
    1. Taylor RW, McAuley KA, Williams SM, Barbezat W, Nielsen G, Mann JI. Reducing weight gain in children through enhancing physical activity and nutrition: the APPLE project. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2006;1:146‐52. - PubMed
Taylor 2007 {published data only}
    1. Taylor RW, McAuley KA, Barbezat W, Strong A, Williams SM, Mann JI. APPLE Project: 2‐y findings of a community‐based obesity prevention program in primary school‐age children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2007;86:735‐42. - PubMed
Teevale 2015 {published data only}
    1. Teevale T, Taufa S, Percival T. Acceptability and non‐compliance in a family‐led weight‐management programme for obese Pacific children. Public Health Nutrition 2015;18:2625‐33. - PMC - PubMed
Ten 2016 {published data only}
    1. Hoor GA, Plasqui G, Ruiter RAC, Kremers SPJ, Rutten GM, Schols AMWJ, et al. A new direction in psychology and health: resistance exercise training for obese children and adolescents. Psychology & Health 2016;31:1‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Theim 2012 {published data only}
    1. Theim KR, Sinton MM, Stein RI, Saelens BE, Thekkedam SC, Welch RR, et al. Preadolescents' and parents' dietary coping efficacy during behavioral family‐based weight control treatment. Journal of Youth & Adolescence 2012;41:86‐97. - PMC - PubMed
Thompson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Thompson D, Mahabir R, Bhatt R, Boutte C, Cantu D, Vazquez I, et al. Butterfly Girls; promoting healthy diet and physical activity to young African American girls online: rationale and design. BMC Public Health 2013;13:709. - PMC - PubMed
Tirlea 2016 {published data only}
    1. Tirlea L, Truby H, Haines TP. Pragmatic, randomized controlled trials of the Girls on the Go! program to improve self‐esteem in girls. American Journal of Health Promotion 2016;30:231‐41. - PubMed
Todd 2008 {published data only}
    1. Todd MK, Reis‐Bergan MJ, Sidman CL, Flohr J A, Jameson‐Walker K, Spicer‐Bartolau T, et al. Effect of a family‐based intervention on electronic media use and body composition among boys aged 8‐11 years: a pilot study. Journal of Child Health Care 2008;12:344‐58. - PubMed
Trinh 2013 {published data only}
    1. Trinh A, Campbell M, Ukoumunne OC, Gerner B, Wake M. Physical activity and 3‐year BMI change in overweight and obese children. Pediatrics 2013;131:e470‐7. - PubMed
Trost 2014 {published data only}
    1. Trost SG, Sundal D, Foster GD, Lent MR, Vojta D. Effects of a pediatric weight management program with and without active video games a randomized trial. JAMA Pediatrics 2014;168:407‐13. - PubMed
Tucker 2014 {published data only}
    1. Tucker JM, Eisenmann JC, Howard K, Guseman EH, Yee KE, DeLaFuente K, et al. FitKids360: design, conduct, and outcomes of a stage 2 pediatric obesity program. Journal of Obesity 2014;2014:1‐9. - PMC - PubMed
Uysal 2014 {published data only}
    1. Uysal Y, Wolters B, Knop C, Reinehr T. Components of the metabolic syndrome are negative predictors of weight loss in obese children with lifestyle intervention. Clinical Nutrition 2014;33:620‐5. - PubMed
Vandongen 1995 {published data only}
    1. Vandongen R, Jenner DA, Thompson C, Taggart AC, Spickett EE, Burke V, et al. A controlled evaluation of a fitness and nutrition intervention program on cardiovascular health in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old children. Preventive Medicine 1995;24:9‐22. - PubMed
Van Grieken 2013 {published data only}
    1. Grieken A, Veldhuis L, Renders CM, Borsboom GJ, Wouden JC, Hirasing RA, et al. Population‐based childhood overweight prevention: outcomes of the 'Be Active, Eat Right' study. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e65376. - PMC - PubMed
Van Grieken 2014 {published data only}
    1. Grieken A, Renders CM, Veldhuis L, Looman CW, Hirasing RA, Raat H. Promotion of a healthy lifestyle among 5‐year‐old overweight children: health behavior outcomes of the 'Be active, eat right' study. BMC Public Health 2014;14:59. - PMC - PubMed
Vargo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Vargo K, Kennedy E, Fisher J, Sprogis E, Worley S. 41. Sustaining change: long term maintenance of weight loss following completion of a weight management program for children and adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health 2012;50:S34‐5.
Vasickova 2011 {published data only}
    1. Vasickova L, Stavek P, Suchanek P. Possible effect of DHA intake on body weight reduction and lipid metabolism in obese children. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2011;32(Suppl 2):64‐7. - PubMed
Verbeken 2013a {published data only}
    1. Verbeken S, Braet C, Goossens L, Oord S. Executive function training with game elements for obese children: a novel treatment to enhance self‐regulatory abilities for weight‐control. Behaviour Research And Therapy 2013;51:290‐9. - PubMed
Verbeken 2013b {published data only}
    1. Verbeken S, Braet C, Goossens L, Oord S. Executive function training with game elements for obese children: a novel treatment to enhance self‐regulatory abilities for weight‐control. Obesity Facts 2013;6:40. - PubMed
Verduci 2011 {published data only}
    1. Verduci E, Radaelli G, Salvioni M, Riva E, Giovannini M. Plasma long‐chain fatty acids profile and metabolic outcomes in normolipidaemic obese children after one‐year nutritional intervention. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics 2011;100:585‐9. - PubMed
Verduci 2013 {published data only}
    1. Verduci E, Salvioni M, Arrizza C, Banderali G, Riva E, Giovannini M. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation and insulin resistance in obese children in a double‐blind randomised controlled clinical trial: a pilot study. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2013;63:1327.
Vetter 2014 {published data only}
    1. Vetter M, O'Connor H, O'Dwyer N, Orr R. Learning 'on the move': a combined numeracy and physical activity program for primary school children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2014;18:e63.
Vido 1993 {published data only}
    1. Vido L, Facchin P, Antonello I, Gobber D, Rigon F. Childhood obesity treatment: double blinded trial on dietary fibres (glucomannan) versus placebo. Padiatrie und Padologie 1993;28:133‐6. - PubMed
Virgen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Virgen Ortiz A, Muñiz Murguía JJ, Mota AJ, Ruiz Orozco S, Sánchez ÓAN. Effects of intervention program on overweight and obesity of school children in Colima, Mexico [Efectos de programa de intervención en sobrepeso y obesidad de niños escolares en Colima, México]. Salud Publica de México 2007;49:389‐91. - PubMed
Vos 2011 {published data only}
    1. Vos RC, Wit JM, Pijl H, Kruyff CC, Houdijk EC. The effect of family‐based multidisciplinary cognitive behavioral treatment in children with obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011;12:110. - PMC - PubMed
Vrablik 2014 {published data only}
    1. Vrablik M, Dobiasova M, Zlatohlavek L, Urbanova Z, Ceska R. Biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in obese/overweight children: effect of lifestyle intervention. Physiological Research/Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca 2014;63:743‐52. - PubMed
Wake 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wake M, Price A, Clifford S, Ukoumunne OC, Hiscock H. Does an intervention that improves infant sleep also improve overweight at age 6? Follow‐up of a randomised trial. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2011;96:526‐32. - PubMed
Walker 2008 {published data only}
    1. Walker K. Mechanisms of self‐esteem change in overweight children participating in a family‐based weight management program. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering. 2008; Vol. 68:6341.
Walsh 2014 {published data only}
    1. Walsh SM, Palmer W, Welsh JA, Vos MB. Challenges and successes of a multidisciplinary pediatric obesity treatment program. Nutrition in Clinical Practice 2014;29:780‐5. - PubMed
Wang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wang L, Dalton WT 3rd, Schetzina KE, Fulton‐Robinson H, Holt N, Ho AL, et al. Home food environment, dietary intake, and weight among overweight and obese children in Southern Appalachia. Southern Medical Journal 2013;106:550‐7. - PubMed
Ward 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ward DS, Vaughn AE, Bangdiwala KI, Campbell M, Jones DJ, Panter AT, et al. Integrating a family‐focused approach into child obesity prevention: rationale and design for the My Parenting SOS study randomized control trial. BMC Public Health 2011;11:431. - PMC - PubMed
Watowicz 2014 {published data only}
    1. Watowicz RP, Tindall A, Eneli IU. Implementation of an inpatient protein‐sparing modified fast for severely obese adolescents. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics 2014;114:A35.
Wheeler 1976 {published data only}
    1. Wheeler ME, Hess KW. Treatment of juvenile obesity by successive approximation control of eating. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1976;7:235‐41.
Wijesuriya 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wijesuriya M, Gulliford M, Vasantharajah L, Viberti G, Gnudi L, Karalliedde J. DIABRISK‐SL prevention of cardio‐metabolic disease with life style modification in young urban Sri Lankan's ‐ study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2011;12:209. - PMC - PubMed
Wile 1992 {published data only}
    1. Wile H, McIntyre L. Weight control counselling in children: is it effective?. Journal of the Canadian Dietetic Association 1992;53:168‐71. - PubMed
Williamson 2008 {published data only}
    1. Williamson DA, Champagne CM, Harsha D, Han H, Martin CK, Newton R Jr, et al. Louisiana (LA) Health: design and methods for a childhood obesity prevention program in rural schools. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2008;29:783‐95. - PMC - PubMed
Williamson 2010 {published data only}
    1. Williamson DA, Champagne CM, Harsha D, Han H, Martin CK, Newton R, et al. Efficacy of two obesity prevention programs in rural schools: primary outcomes for the Louisiana (LA) health study. Obesity Reviews 2010;11:59.
Williamson 2012 {published data only}
    1. Williamson DA, Champagne CM, Harsha DW, Han H, Martin CK, Newton RL Jr, et al. Effect of an environmental school‐based obesity prevention program on changes in body fat and body weight: a randomized trial. Obesity 2012;20:1653‐61. - PMC - PubMed
Wislo 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wislo VM, McGaffey A, Scopaz KA, D'Amico FJ, Jewell IK, Bridges MW, et al. Fitwits: preparing residency‐based physicians to discuss childhood obesity with preteens. Clinical Pediatrics 2013;52:1107‐17. - PubMed
Wohlfarth 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wohlfarth R, Mutschler B, Beetz A, Kreuser F, Korsten‐Reck U. Dogs motivate obese children for physical activity: key elements of a motivational theory of animal‐assisted interventions. Frontiers in Psychology 2013;4:796. - PMC - PubMed
Wong 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wong EM, Cheng MM. Effects of motivational interviewing to promote weight loss in obese children. Journal of Clinical Nursing 2013;22:2519‐30. - PubMed
Wright 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wright JA, Phillips BD, Watson BL, Newby PK, Norman GJ, Adams WG. Randomized trial of a family‐based, automated, conversational obesity treatment program for underserved populations. Obesity 2013;21:E369‐78. - PMC - PubMed
Wyatt 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wyatt KM, Lloyd JJ, Creanor S, Logan S. The development, feasibility and acceptability of a school‐based obesity prevention programme: results from three phases of piloting. BMJ Open 2011;1:e000026. - PMC - PubMed
Xu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Xu F, Ware RS, Tse LA, Wang Z, Hong X, Song A, et al. A school‐based comprehensive lifestyle intervention among Chinese kids against obesity (CLICK‐Obesity): rationale, design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial in Nanjing City, China. BMC Public Health 2012;12:316. - PMC - PubMed
Yackobovitch‐Gavan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Yackobovitch‐Gavan M, Nagelberg N, Phillip M, Ashkenazi‐Hoffnung L, Hershkovitz E, Shalitin S. The influence of diet and/or exercise and parental compliance on health‐related quality of life in obese children. Nutrition Research 2009;29:397‐404. - PubMed
Yam 2012 {published data only}
    1. Yam PS, Morrison R, Penpraze V, Westgarth C, Ward DS, Mutrie N, et al. Children, parents, and pets exercising together (CPET) randomised controlled trial: study rationale, design, and methods. BMC Public Health 2012;12:208. - PMC - PubMed
Yu 2008 {published data only}
    1. Yu CC, Sung RY, Hau KT, Lam PK, Nelson EA, So RC. The effect of diet and strength training on obese children's physical self‐concept. Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness 2008;48:76‐82. - PubMed
Zahner 2006 {published data only}
    1. Zahner L, Puder JJ, Roth R, Schmid M, Guldimann R, Puhse U, et al. A school‐based physical activity program to improve health and fitness in children aged 6‐13 years ("Kinder‐Sportstudie KISS"): study design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2006;6:147. [ISRCTN15360785] - PMC - PubMed
Zask 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zask A, Adams JK, Brooks LO, Hughes DF. Tooty Fruity Vegie: an obesity prevention intervention evaluation in Australian preschools. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 2012;23:10‐5. - PubMed
Zhang 2011a {published data only}
    1. Zhang H, Peng Y, Liu Z, Li S, Lv Z, Tian L, et al. Effects of acupuncture therapy on abdominal fat and hepatic fat content in obese children: a magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 2011;17:413‐20. - PubMed
Zhang 2011b {published data only}
    1. Zhang L, McIntosh WA. Children's weight status and maternal and paternal feeding practices. Journal of Child Health Care 2011;15:389‐400. - PubMed
Zheng 2015 {published data only}
    1. Zheng M, Allman‐Farinelli M, Heitmann BL, Toelle B, Marks G, Cowell C, et al. Liquid versus solid energy intake in relation to body composition among Australian children. Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics 2015;28:70‐9. - PubMed
Zorba 2011 {published data only}
    1. Zorba E, Cengiz T, Karacabey K. Exercise training improves body composition, blood lipid profile and serum insulin levels in obese children. Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness 2011;51:664‐9. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

ACTRN12611000862943 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12611000862943. Whanau Pakari: a multidisciplinary intervention for child and adolescent obesity. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=343300 (accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Anderson YC, Wynter LE, Moller KR, Cave TL, Dolan GM, Grant CC, et al. The effect of a multi‐disciplinary obesity intervention compared to usual practice in those ready to make lifestyle changes: design and rationale of Whanau Pakari. BMC obesity 2015;2(41):1. - PMC - PubMed
ISRCTN45032201 {published data only}
    1. Fleming J, Kamal A, Harrison E, Hamborg T, Stewart‐Brown S, Thorogood M, et al. Evaluation of recruitment methods for a trial targeting childhood obesity: Families for Health randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015;16(1):1. - PMC - PubMed
    1. ISRCTN45032201. Trial of ‘Families for Health’: helping families with children who are overweight to manage their weight. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN45032201 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Robertson W, Stewart‐Brown S, Stallard N, Petrou S, Griffiths F, Thorogood M, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of Families for Health V2 for the treatment of childhood obesity: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013;14:81. - PMC - PubMed
ISRCTN97887613 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN97887613. Exercise looks after you: piloting the programme to prevent obesity in children. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN97887613 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
JPRN‐UMIN000014896 {published data only}
    1. JPRN‐UMIN000014896. Study on the medical checkup system for prevention of lifestyle diseases including diabetes in underage groups, especially infants, elementary and junior high school children {Study on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity by Behavioral Approach (Lifestyle modification approach) for Elementary School Children}. upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi‐open‐bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000017197 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
Jung 1978 {published data only}
    1. Jung K, Maaser R, Ingenillem M, Post C, Woltermann N, Landwehr L, et al. A comprehensive sports program geared to children ‐ illustrated on untrained obese 9‐13 year old children. Medizinische Welt 1978;29:301‐09. - PubMed
NCT00528164 {published data only}
    1. Hare ME, Coday M, Williams NA, Richey PA, Tylavsky FA, Bush AJ. Methods and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial treating early childhood obesity: the Positive Lifestyles for Active Youngsters (Team PLAY) trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2012;33(3):534‐49. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00528164. Team PLAY (Positive Lifestyles for Active Youngsters) (Team PLAY). www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00528164 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Williams NA, Coday M, Somes G, Tylavsky FA, Richey PA, Hare M. Risk factors for poor attendance in a family‐based pediatric obesity intervention program for young children. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 2010;31(9):705‐12. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Williams NA, Fournier J, Coday M, Richey PA, Tylavsky FA, Hare ME. Body esteem, peer difficulties and perceptions of physical health in overweight and obese urban children aged 5 to 7 years. Child: Care, Health and Development 2013;39(6):825‐34. - PMC - PubMed
NCT00723853 {published data only}
    1. NCT00723853. REACH‐OUT: Chicago Children's Diabetes Prevention Program (REACH‐OUT). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00723853 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT00759746 {published data only}
    1. Best JR, Theim KR, Gredysa DM, Stein RI, Welch RR, Saelens BE, et al. Behavioral economic predictors of overweight children's weight loss. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2012;80(6):1086‐96. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00759746. Childhood obesity treatment: a maintenance approach (COMPASS). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00759746 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT00851201 {published data only}
    1. Khan UI, McGinn AP, Isasi CR, Groisman‐Perelstein A, Diamantis PM, Ginsberg M, et al. Differences in cardiometabolic risk between insulin‐sensitive and insulin‐resistant overweight and obese children. Childhood Obesity 2015;11(3):289‐96. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT00851201. Family Weight Management Study. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00851201 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT01110096 {published data only}
    1. NCT01110096. Family Based Intervention in Childhood obesitY. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01110096 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT01290016 {published data only}
    1. Cohen TR, Hazell TJ, Vanstone CA, Plourde H, Rodd CJ, Weiler HA. A family‐centered lifestyle intervention to improve body composition and bone mass in overweight and obese children 6 through 8 years: a randomized controlled trial study protocol. BMC Public Health 2013;13:383. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01290016. Youth lifestyle intervention with food and exercise. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01290016 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT01506245 {published data only}
    1. Farpour‐Lambert N, Maggio A, Martin X, Bucher Della Torre S, Beghetti, M. Effects of family‐based behavioral therapy in group or in individual setting in pre‐pubertal obese children: a randomized controlled trial. Obesity Facts 2012;5:221.
    1. NCT01506245. Exercise and behavioral therapy in obese children. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01506245 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT01610219 {published data only}
    1. NCT01610219. Lifestyle modification for type 2 diabetes prevention in overweight youth. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01610219 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT01662570 {published data only}
    1. NCT01662570. Beverage choice and lifestyle modification in overweight youth. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01662570 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02724943 {published data only}
    1. Hoelscher DM, Butte NF, Barlow S, Vandewater EA, Sharma SV, Huang T, et al. Incorporating primary and secondary prevention approaches to address childhood obesity prevention and treatment in a low‐income, ethnically diverse population: study design and demographic data from the Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) study. Childhood Obesity 2015;11(1):71‐91. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT02724943. Texas Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (TX CORD) project. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02724943 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Oluyomi AO, Byars A, Byrd‐Williams C, Sharma SV, Durand C, Hoelscher DM, et al. The utility of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in systems‐oriented obesity intervention projects: the selection of comparable study sites for a quasi‐experimental intervention design‐TX CORD. Childhood Obesity 2015;11(1):58‐70. - PMC - PubMed
NCT02771951 {published data only}
    1. NCT02771951. Clinical/behavioral approach to overweight in Latino youth. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02771951 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02779647 {published data only}
    1. NCT02779647. Play as a method to reduce overweight and obesity in children. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02779647 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02794090 {published data only}
    1. NCT02794090. Childhood obesity treatment ‐ telephone coaching vc usual care. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02794090 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
Shapiro 1976 {published data only}
    1. Shapiro Joan R. A comparison of various reward and monitoring procedures in the behavioral treatment of overweight children. Dissertation Abstracts International. 1976; Vol. 36:5816‐7.
Terwilliger 2008 {published data only}
    1. Terwilliger SH. A study of children enrolled in a school‐based physical activity program with attention to overweight and depression [Dissertation]. New York: State University of New York at Binghamton, 2008.

References to ongoing studies

ACTRN12613001037796 {published data only}
    1. ACTRN12613001037796. Effect of exercise intensity on cardiac and vascular function, and intra‐abdominal fat in obese children and adolescents. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364948 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Dias KA, Coombes JS, Green DJ, Gomersall SR, Keating SE, Tjonna AE, et al. Effects of exercise intensity and nutrition advice on myocardial function in obese children and adolescents: a multicentre randomised controlled trial study protocol. BMJ Open 2016;6(4):e010929. - PMC - PubMed
ChiCTR‐IOB‐15005874 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR‐IOB‐15005874. Effects of weight management program on postural stability and neuromuscular function among obese children. www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=10313 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Sun F, Wang LJ, Wang, L. Effects of weight management program on postural stability and neuromuscular function among obese children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2015;16:143. - PMC - PubMed
DRKS00007879 {published data only}
    1. DRKS00007879. Development and evaluation of a computer‐based self‐regulation training for obese children and adolescents. drks‐neu.uniklinik‐freiburg.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DR... (last accessed 10th October 2016).
ISRCTN81798055 {published data only}
    1. ISRCTN81798055. Child weigHt mANaGement for Ethnically diverse communities study (CHANGE). www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN81798055 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
Moore 2013 {published data only}
    1. Moore SM, Borawski EA, Cuttler L, Ievers‐Landis CE, Love TE. IMPACT: a multi‐level family and school intervention targeting obesity in urban youth. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;36(2):574‐86. - PMC - PubMed
NCT01221220 {published data only}
    1. NCT01221220. Environmental strategies & behavior change to reduce overeating in obese children. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01221220 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT01574352 {published data only}
    1. Larsen KT, Huang T, Moller NC, Andersen LB, Ried‐Larsen M. Effectiveness of a one‐year multi‐component day‐camp intervention for overweight children: study protocol of the Odense overweight intervention study (OOIS). BMC Public Health 2014;14:313. - PMC - PubMed
    1. NCT01574352. The Odense Overweight Intervention Study (OOIS). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01574352 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT01642836 {published data only}
    1. NCT01642836. Clinic, family & community collaboration to treat overweight and obese children (Stanford GOALS). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01642836 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Robinson TN, Matheson D, Desai M, Wilson DM, Weintraub DL, Haskell WL, et al. Family, community and clinic collaboration to treat overweight and obese children: Stanford GOALS ‐ a randomized controlled trial of a three‐year, multi‐component, multi‐level, multi‐setting intervention. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2013;36(2):421‐35. - PMC - PubMed
NCT01736748 {published data only}
    1. NCT01736748. Dynamo: a tailored lifestyle promotion intervention among pediatric patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01736748 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02082080 {published data only}
    1. NCT02082080. Prevention and control of obesity in primary school children in Tehran. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02082080 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02124460 {published data only}
    1. NCT02124460. Connect 4 Health: an intervention to improve childhood obesity outcomes. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02124460 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
    1. Taveras EM, Marshall R, Sharifi M, Avalon E, Fiechtner L, Horan C, et al. Connect for Health: design of a clinical‐community childhood obesity intervention testing best practices of positive outliers. Contemporary Clinical Trials 2015;45(Pt B):287‐95. - PMC - PubMed
NCT02258126 {published data only}
    1. NCT02258126. Effect of exercise on hepatic fat in overweight children. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02258126 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02343367 {published data only}
    1. NCT02343367. Health4Kids intervention trial for Hispanic families. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02343367 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02560493 {published data only}
    1. NCT02560493. Gaming technology to encourage healthy weight and activity in youth. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02560493 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02573142 {published data only}
    1. NCT02573142. Integrated child obesity treatment study: Bull City healthy and fit. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02573142 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02684214 {published data only}
    1. NCT02684214. Implementing prevention plus for childhood overweight and obesity in food secure and insecure families. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02684214 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02711488 {published data only}
    1. NCT02711488. Managing adolescent obesity at local level by combining primary and secondary intervention. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02711488 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02720302 {published data only}
    1. NCT02720302. Treatment of overweight in children on distance. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02720302 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
NCT02773823 {published data only}
    1. NCT02773823. A behavior intervention study on cardiovascular health among Chinese obese schoolchildren. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02773823 (last accessed 10th October 2016).
RBR‐8ttw64 {published data only}
    1. RBR‐8ttw64. Effects of dietary guidance in children attending outpatient preventive cardiology: randomized clinical trial. www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR‐8ttw64/ (last accessed 10th October 2016).

Additional references

Altman 2003
    1. Altman DG, Bland JM. Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates. BMJ 2003;326(7382):219. [PUBMED: 12543843] - PMC - PubMed
Bocca 2013
    1. Bocca G, Ongering EC, Stolk RP, Sauer PJ. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in 3‐ to 5‐yearold overweight or obese children. Hormone Research in Paediatrics 2013;80(3):201‐6. - PubMed
Boutron 2014
    1. Boutron I, Altman DG, Hopewell S, Vera‐Badillo F, Tannock I, Ravaud P. Impact of spin in the abstracts of articles reporting results of randomized controlled trials in the field of cancer: the SPIIN randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014;32:4120‐6. - PubMed
Brown 2016 [pers comm]
    1. Brown T (Teesside University). [Personal communication]. Conversation with: L Ells (Teesside University) 1 December 2016.
Butland 2007
    1. Butland BJS, Kopelman P, Mcpherson K, Thomas S, Mardell J, Parry V. FORESIGHT: Tackling Obesities: Future Choices – Project Report. In: SCIENCE, G. O. F. (ed.) 2nd ed. FORESIGHT, 2007.
Cataldo 2016
    1. Cataldo R, Huang J, Calixte R, Wong AT, Bianchi‐Hayes J, Pati S. Effects of overweight and obesity on motor and mental development in infants and toddlers. Pediatric Obesity 2016;11(5):389‐96. [DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12077] - DOI - PubMed
CMO 2015
    1. Chief Medical Officer. Annual report of the Chief Medical Officer: surveillance volume, 2012: on the state of the public’s health. www.gov.uk/government/publications/chief‐medical‐officer‐annual‐report‐s... (accessed 30 March 2015).
Cole 2000
    1. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2000;320(7244):1240‐3. - PMC - PubMed
Cole 2007
    1. Cole TJ, Flegal KM, Nicholls D, Jackson AA. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. BMJ 2007;335(7612):194. - PMC - PubMed
Cole 2012
    1. Cole TJ, Lobstein T. Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut‐offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatr Obes 2012;7(4):284‐94. - PubMed
Colquitt 2016
    1. Colquitt JL, Loveman E, O'Malley C, Azevedo LB, Mead E, Al‐Khudairy L, et al. Diet, physical activity, and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obesity in preschool children up to the age of 6 years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012105] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Cook 2003
    1. Cook S, Weitzman M, Auinger P, Nguyen M, Dietz WH. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the thirdNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988‐1994. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157:821–7. - PubMed
Craig 2008
    1. Craig P, Dieppe P, MacIntyre S, Miche S, Nazareth I, Pettigrew M. Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance. BMJ 2008;337:a1655. - PMC - PubMed
Daniels 2009b
    1. Daniels SR. Complications of obesity in children and adolescents. International Journal of Obesity 2009;33(Suppl 1):S60–5. - PubMed
Deeks 2011
    1. Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta‐analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Douketis 2005
    1. Douketis JD, Paradis G, Keller H, Martineau C. Canadian guidelines for body weight classification in adults: applicationin clinical practice to screen for overweight andobesity and to assess disease risk. CMAJ 2005;172:995‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Eady 2008
    1. Eady AM, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. PsycINFO search strategies identified methodologically sound therapy studies and review articles for use by clinicians and researchers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2008;61(1):34‐40. - PMC - PubMed
Egan 2013
    1. Egan K, Ettinger A, Bracken M. Childhood body mass index and subsequent physician‐diagnosed asthma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMC Pediatrics 2013;13(1):121. - PMC - PubMed
Ells 2015a
    1. Ells LJ, Hancock C, Copley VR, Mead E, Dinsdale H, Kinra S, et al. Prevalence of severe childhood obesity in England: 2006‐2013. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2015;100:631‐6. - PubMed
Ells 2015b
    1. Ells LJ, Mead E, Atkinson G, Corpeleijn E, Roberts K, Viner R, et al. Surgery for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 6. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011740] - DOI - PubMed
Ells 2016 [pers comm]
    1. Ells L (Teesside University). [Personal communication]. Conversation with: T Brown (Teesside University) 1 December 2016.
Follmann 1992
    1. Follmann D, Elliot P, Suh I, Cutler J. Variance imputation for overviews of clinical trials with continuous response. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1992;45(7):769–73. - PubMed
Ford 2010
    1. Ford AL, Hunt LP, Cooper A, Shield JPH. What reduction in BMI SDS is required in obese adolescents to improve body composition and cardiometabolic health?. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2010;95:256‐61. - PubMed
Freedman 2006
    1. Freedman DS, Khan LK, Serdula MK, Ogden CL, Dietz WH. Racial and ethnic differences in secular trends for childhood BMI, weight, and height. Obesity 2006;14(2):301–8. - PubMed
Golan 2004
    1. Golan M, Crow S. Targetting parents exclusively in the treatment of childhood obesity: long‐term results. Obesity Research 2004;12:357–61. - PubMed
GRADEproGDT 2015 [Computer program]
    1. GRADE Working Group, McMaster University. GRADEproGDT. Version accessed 4th July 2016. Hamilton (ON): GRADE Working Group, McMaster University, 2014.
Griffiths 2010
    1. Griffiths LJ, Parsons TJ, Hill AJ. Self‐esteem and quality of life in obese children and adolescents: a systematic review. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2010;5(4):282–304. - PubMed
Higgins 2002
    1. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis. Statistics in Medicine 2002;21(11):1539‐58. - PubMed
Higgins 2003
    1. Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta‐analyses. BMJ 2003;327(7414):557‐60. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011a
    1. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011b
    1. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Sterne JAC (editors). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Higgins 2011c
    1. Higgins JPT, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 16: Special topics in statistics. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Ho 2012
    1. Ho M, Garnett SP, Baur L, Burrows T, Stewart L, Neve M, et al. Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in child obesity: systematic review with meta‐analysis. Pediatrics 2012;130:e1647‐71. - PubMed
Hróbjartsson 2013
    1. Hróbjartsson A, Thomsen AS, Emanuelsson F, Tendal B, Hilden J, Boutron I, et al. Observer bias in randomized clinical trials with measurement scale outcomes: a systematic review of trials with both blinded and nonblinded assessors. Canadian Medical Association Journal 2013;185(4):E201‐11. - PMC - PubMed
HSCIC 2013
    1. Health and Social Care Information Centre. National Child Measurement Programme ‐ England, 2012‐13 school year. content.digital.nhs.uk/catalogue/PUB13115.
Jelliffe 1966
    1. Jelliffe DB. The assessment of the nutritional status of the community. Monograph No. 3. Geneva, 1966.
Jones 2015b
    1. Jones CW, Keil LG, Holland WC, Caughey MC, Platts‐Mills TF. Comparison of registered and published outcomes in randomized controlled trials: a systematic review. BMC Medicine 2015;13:282. [DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0520-3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Kelly 2013
    1. Kelly AS, Barlow SE, Rao G, Inge TH, Hayman LL, Steinberger J, et al. Severe obesity in children and adolescents: identification, associated health risks, and treatment approaches: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013;128(15):1689‐712. - PubMed
Kirkham 2010
    1. Kirkham JJ, Dwan KM, Altman DG, Gamble C, Dodd S, Smyth R, et al. The impact of outcome reporting bias in randomised controlled trials on a cohort of systematic reviews. BMJ 2010;340:c365. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.c365] - DOI - PubMed
Knai 2012
    1. Knai C, Lobstein T, Darmon N, Rutter H, McKee M. Socioeconomic patterning of childhood overweight status in Europe. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2012;9(4):1472‐89. - PMC - PubMed
Kremers 2006
    1. Kremers SP, Bruijn GJ, Visscher TL, Mechelen W, Vries NK, Brug J. Environmental influences on energy balance‐related behaviors: a dual‐process view. International Journal of Behaviour, Nutrition and Physical Activity 2006;15(3):9. - PMC - PubMed
Kromeyer‐Hauschild 2001
    1. Kromeyer‐Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D, Geller F, Geiß HC, Hesse V, et al. Percentiles of body mass index in children and adolescents evaluated from different regional German studies. Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde 2001;149(8):807–18.
Kuczmarski 2002
    1. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Guo SS, Grummer‐Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Mei Z, et al. CDC growth charts for the United States: Methods and development.. Vital Health Statistics. 2002;246(11):1‐90. - PubMed
Landgraf 1999
    1. Landgraf JM, Abetz L, Ware JE. Child health questionnaire (CHQ) : a user's manual. 2nd Edition. Boston, MA: Landgraf & Ware, 1999.
Leclercq 2013
    1. Leclercq E, Leeflang MM, Dalen EC, Kremer LC. Validation of search filters for identifying pediatric studies in PubMed. The Journal of Pediatrics 2013;162(3):629‐34. - PubMed
Liberati 2009
    1. Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JPA, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic and meta‐analyses of studies that evaluate interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Medicine 2009;6(7):1‐28. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Lobstein 2004
    1. Lobstein T, Baur L, Uauy R. Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health. Obesity Reviews 2004;5(Suppl 1):4–104. - PubMed
Loveman 2015
    1. Loveman E, Al‐Khudairy L, Johnson RE, Robertson W, Colquitt JL, Mead EL, et al. Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012008] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mathieu 2009
    1. Mathieu S, Boutron I, Moher D, Altman DG, Ravaud P. Comparison of registered and published primary outcomes in randomized controlled trials. JAMA 2009;302:977‐84. - PubMed
Mead 2016a
    1. Mead E, Atkinson G, Richter B, Metzendorf MI, Baur L, Finer N, et al. Drug interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012436] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mead 2016b
    1. Mead E, Batterham AM, Atkinson G, Ells LJ. Predicting future weight status from measurements made in early childhood: a novel longitudinal approach applied to Millennium Cohort Study data. Nutrition & Diabetes 2016;6:e200. - PMC - PubMed
Meader 2014
    1. Meader N, King K, Llewellyn A, Norman G, Brown J, Rodgers M, et al. A checklist designed to aid consistency and reproducibility of GRADE assessments: development and pilot validation. Systematic Reviews 2014;3:82. - PMC - PubMed
Metropolitian Life Insurance Company 1959
    1. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. New weight standards for men and women. Statistical Bulletin 1959;40:1‐4.
Must 1991
    1. Must A, Dallal GE, Dietz WH. Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentilesof body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:839‐46. - PubMed
Narang 2012
    1. Narang I, Mathew JL. Childhood obesity and obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012;2012:134202 (Article ID). [DOI: 10.1155/2012/134202; PUBMED: 22957216] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
NCB 2015
    1. National Children’s Bureau. Poor beginnings. Health inequalities among young children across England. www.ncb.org.uk/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/Policy_docs/ncb_poo... 2015.
Ng 2014
    1. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980‐2013: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014;384(9945):766‐81. - PMC - PubMed
NOO NHS 2011
    1. National Obesity Observatory on behalf of the Public Health Observatories in England. A simple guide to classifying body mass index in children, 2011. www.noo.org.uk/uploads/doc/vid_11601_A_simple_guide_to_classifying_BMI_i... (accessed 3 November 2015).
Olds 2011
    1. Olds T, Maher C, Zumin S, Péneau S, Lioret S, Castetbon K, et al. Evidence that the prevalence of childhood overweight is plateauing: data from nine countries. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2011;6(5‐6):342‐60. - PubMed
Parsons 1999
    1. Parsons TJ, Power C, Logan S, Summerbell CD. Childhood predictors of adult obesity: a systematic review. International Journal of Obesity 1999;23(Suppl 8):S1–S107. - PubMed
Paulis 2014
    1. Paulis WD, Silva S, Koes BW, Middelkoop M. Overweight and obesity are associated with musculoskeletal complaints as early as childhood: a systematic review. Obesity Reviews 2014;15(1):52‐67. - PubMed
Puhl 2007
    1. Puhl RM, Latner JD. Stigma, obesity, and the health of the nation’s children. Psychology Bulletin 2007;133(4):557‐80. - PubMed
Raat 2002
    1. Raat H, Bonsel GJ, Essink‐Bot ML, Landgraf JM, Gemke RJ. Reliability and validity of comprehensive health status measures in children: the child health questionnaire in relation to the health utilities index. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2002;55:67–76. - PubMed
Rajput 2014
    1. Rajput N, Tuohy P, Mishra S, Smith A, Taylor B. Overweight and obesity in 4‐5‐year‐old children in New Zealand: Results from the first 4 years (2009‐2012) of the B4School Check programme. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2014;51(3):334‐43. - PubMed
Ravens‐Sieberer 2000
    1. Ravens‐Sieberer U, Bullinger M. KINDL‐R. Questionnaire for the assessment of health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents [KINDL‐R. Fragebogen zur Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Revidierte Form]. Manual 2000. - PubMed
Reilly 2003
    1. Reilly JJ, Methven E, McDowell ZC, Hacking B, Alexander D, Stewart L, et al. Health consequences of obesity. Archives of Diseases in Childhood 2003;88(9):748–52. - PMC - PubMed
Reilly 2011
    1. Reilly JJ, Kelly J. Long‐term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: systematic review. International Journal of Obesity 2011;35(7):891–8. - PubMed
RevMan 2014 [Computer program]
    1. Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
Robinson 1968
    1. Robinson, CH. Fundamentals of Normal Nutrition. New York: MacMillan, 1968.
Rokholm 2010
    1. Rokholm B, Baker JL, Sørenson TI. The levelling off of the obesity epidemic since the year 1999 ‐ a review of evidence and perspectives. Obesity Reviews 2010;11(12):835‐46. - PubMed
Rosner 1998
    1. Rosner B, Prineas R, Loggie J, Daniels SR. Percentiles for body mass index in U.S. children 5 to 17 years of age. Journal of Pediatrics 1998;132:211‐22. - PubMed
Sbruzzi 2013
    1. Sbruzzi G, Eibel B, Barbiero SM, Petkowicz RO, Ribeiro RA, Cesa CC, et al. Educational interventions in childhood obesity: a systematic review with meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. Preventive Medicine 2013;56(5):254‐64. - PubMed
Schünemann 2011
    1. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Higgins JPT, Vist GE, Glasziou P, Guyatt GH. Chapter 11: Presenting results and ‘Summary of findings' tables. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Shrewsbury 2008
    1. Shrewsbury V, Wardle J. Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: a systematic review of cross‐sectional studies 1990‐2005. Obesity 2008;16(2):275–84. - PubMed
Singh 2008
    1. Singh AS, Mulder C, Twisk JW, Mechelen W, Chinapaw MJ. Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature. Obesity Reviews 2008;9(5):474–88. - PubMed
Skinner 2014
    1. Skinner AC, Skelton JA. Prevalence and trends in obesity and severe obesity among children in the United States 1999‐2012. JAMA Pediatrics 2014;168(6):561–6. - PubMed
Sterne 2011
    1. Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;343:d4002. - PubMed
Stevens 2010
    1. Stevens KJ. The Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D) – a new paediatric preference based measure ofhealth related quality of life. Pro Newsletter 2010;43:11‐2.
Tang‐Peronard 2008
    1. Tang‐Peronard JL, Heitmann BL. Stigmatization of obese children and adolescents, the importance of gender. Obesity Reviews 2008;9(6):522–34. - PubMed
Tilator Oy Ltd 2004 [Computer program]
    1. Tilator Oy Ltd. Pediator software for growth data [computer program]. Version Version Release 6.7.4. Säkylä, Finland, 2004.
Varni 2003
    1. Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Seid M, Skarr D. The PedsQL 4.0 as a pediatric population health measure: feasibility, reliability, and validity. Ambulatory Pediatrics 2003;3(6):329–41. - PubMed
Varni 2007
    1. Varni JW, Limbers C, Burwinkle TM. Literature review: health‐related quality of life measurement in pediatric oncology: hearing the voices of the children. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2007;32(9):1151‐63. - PubMed
Wang 2012
    1. Wang Y, Lim H. The global childhood obesity epidemic and the association between socio‐economic status and childhood obesity. International Review of Psychiatry 2012;24(3):176‐88. - PMC - PubMed
Waters 2011
    1. Waters E, Silva Sanigorski A, Burford BJ, Brown T, Campbell KJ, Gao Y, et al. Interventions for preventing obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 12. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001871.pub3] - DOI - PubMed
Whitaker 1997
    1. Whitaker RC, Wright JA, Pepe MS, Seidel KD, Dietz WH. Predicting obesity in young adulthood from childhood and parental obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine 1997;337(13):869–73. - PubMed
WHO 2015
    1. World Health Organization. Fact sheet on overweight and obesity. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en (accessed 30 March 2015).
Wille 2010
    1. Wille N, Badia X, Bonsel G, Burstrom K, Cavrini G, Devlin N, et al. Development of the EQ‐5D‐Y:a child‐friendly version of the EQ‐5D. Quality of Life Research 2010;19:875–86. - PMC - PubMed
Wong 2006a
    1. Wong SS, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. Developing optimal search strategies for detecting clinically sound treatment studies in Embase. Journal of the Medical Library Association 2006;94(1):41‐7. - PMC - PubMed
Wong 2006b
    1. Wong SS, Wilczynski NL, Haynes RB. Optimal CINAHL search strategies for identifying therapy studies and review articles. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 2006;38(2):194‐9. - PubMed

References to other published versions of this review

Oude Luttikhuis 2009
    1. Oude Luttikhuis H, Baur L, Jansen H, Shrewbury VA, O’Malley C, Stolk RP, et al. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001872.pub2] - DOI - PubMed
Summerbell 2003
    1. Summerbell CD, Ashton V, Campbell KJ, Edmunds L, Kelly S, Waters E. Interventions for treating obesity in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001872] - DOI - PubMed

Publication types