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. 2017 Dec 15;186(12):1341-1351.
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwx221.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in the United States, 1992-2013

Shao-Hua Xie  1 , Sirus Rabbani  1 , Jessica L Petrick  2 , Michael B Cook  2 , Jesper Lagergren  1   3
Affiliations

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in the United States, 1992-2013

Shao-Hua Xie et al. Am J Epidemiol. .

Abstract

Racial and ethnic disparities in the incidence of esophageal cancer have not been thoroughly characterized with quantitative health-disparity measures. Using data from 1992-2013 from 13 US cancer registries in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we assessed such disparities according to histological type, based on a variety of disparity metrics. The age-standardized incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was highest among black persons, while adenocarcinoma mainly affected white men. The rate of SCC decreased over time in all racial/ethnic groups, and this was most pronounced in black persons (by 5.7% per year among men and 5.0% among women). The adenocarcinoma rate rose among non-Hispanic whites and among black men. Racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence of total esophageal cancer decreased over time, which was due mainly to reduced disparities in SCC. The 2 absolute disparity measures-range difference and between-group variance-for adenocarcinoma rose by 3.2% and 6.8% per year, respectively, in men and by 1.8% and 5.3% per year, respectively, in women. This study demonstrates decreased racial/ethnic disparities in the incidence of esophageal SCC over time in the United States, while disparities increased in adenocarcinoma incidence as measured on the absolute scale.

Keywords: United States; esophageal neoplasms; ethnic groups; incidence; population groups.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Sex-specific, age-standardized incidence rates (1/100,000 person-years) of esophageal cancer by histological type and racial/ethnic group in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 registries in the United States during 1992–2013. A) total esophageal cancer in men; B) squamous cell carcinoma in men; C) adenocarcinoma in men; D) total esophageal cancer in women; E) squamous cell carcinoma in women; F) adenocarcinoma in women.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Percent changes since 1992 in the racial and ethnical disparities in the incidence of esophageal cancer by histological type in men in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 registries in the United States during 1992–2013. A) absolute measures for total esophageal cancer; B) absolute measures for squamous cell carcinoma; C) absolute measures for adenocarcinoma; D) relative measures for total esophageal cancer; E) relative measures for squamous cell carcinoma; F) relative measures for adenocarcinoma.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Percent changes since 1992 in the racial and ethnical disparities in the incidence of esophageal cancer by histological type in women in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 registries in the United States during 1992–2013. A) absolute measures for total esophageal cancer; B) absolute measures for squamous cell carcinoma; C) absolute measures for adenocarcinoma; D) relative measures for total esophageal cancer; E) relative measures for squamous cell carcinoma; F) relative measures for adenocarcinoma.
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