Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in childhood - update on diagnostic approaches and treatment

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that the incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in children may be increasing. Nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis, skin and soft tissue infection, and pulmonary disease each present unique challenges in relation to diagnosis and treatment. In this update, we critically review the recent literature on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in children. In addition, we outline key areas warranting further research.

Keywords: Atypical; Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Lymphadenitis; Mycobacteria; Non-tuberculous; Treatment.