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. 2017 Jul;66(1):178-186.e12.
doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.01.051.

Muscle strength and control characteristics are altered by peripheral artery disease

Molly N Schieber  1 , Ryan M Hasenkamp  1 , Iraklis I Pipinos  2 , Jason M Johanning  2 , Nicholas Stergiou  3 , Holly K DeSpiegelaere  4 , Jung H Chien  5 , Sara A Myers  6
Affiliations

Muscle strength and control characteristics are altered by peripheral artery disease

Molly N Schieber et al. J Vasc Surg. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common manifestation of atherosclerosis, is characterized by lower leg ischemia and myopathy in association with leg dysfunction. Patients with PAD have impaired gait from the first step they take with consistent defects in the movement around the ankle joint, especially in plantar flexion. Our goal was to develop muscle strength profiles to better understand the problems in motor control responsible for the walking impairment in patients with PAD.

Methods: Ninety-four claudicating PAD patients performed maximal isometric plantar flexion contractions lasting 10 seconds in two conditions: pain free (patient is well rested and has no claudication symptoms) and pain induced (patient has walked and has claudication symptoms). Sixteen matched healthy controls performed the pain-free condition only. Torque curves were analyzed for dependent variables of muscle strength and motor control. Independent t-tests were used to compare variables between groups, and dependent t-tests determined differences between conditions.

Results: Patients with PAD had significantly reduced peak torque and area under the curve compared with controls. Measures of control differed between PAD conditions only. Load rate and linear region duration were greater in the pain condition. Time to peak torque was shorter in the pain condition.

Conclusions: This study conclusively demonstrates that the plantar flexor muscles of the PAD patient at baseline and without pain are weaker in patients with PAD compared with controls. With the onset of claudication pain, patients with PAD exhibit altered muscle control strategies and further strength deficits are manifest compared to baseline levels. The myopathy of PAD legs appears to have a central role in the functional deterioration of the calf muscles, as it is evident both before and after onset of ischemic pain.

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Figures

Figure I
Figure I
A representative strength curve from the control group with the six calculated dependent variables: Area Under the Curve, Linear Region Duration, Peak Torque, Time to Peak Torque, Standard Deviation of Torque During the Linear Region, and Load Rate.
Figure II
Figure II
Mean and standard deviation graphs for (a) Area Under the Curve, (b) Peak Torque, (c) Time to Peak Torque, (d) Load Rate, (e) Standard Deviation During the Linear Region, and (f) Linear Region Duration. Significance denoted as *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
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