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. 2017 Jan 1:16:1536012116689001.
doi: 10.1177/1536012116689001.

Image-Based Analysis of Tumor Localization After Intra-Arterial Delivery of Technetium-99m-Labeled SPIO Using SPECT/CT and MRI

In Joon Lee  1 , Ji Yong Park  2   3 , Young-Il Kim  2   4 , Yun-Sang Lee  2   4 , Jae Min Jeong  2 , Jaeil Kim  2 , Euishin Edmund Kim  4   5 , Keon Wook Kang  2 , Dong Soo Lee  2   4 , Seonji Jeong  6 , Eun Jeong Kim  6 , Young Il Kim  6   7 , Jin Wook Chung  6
Affiliations

Image-Based Analysis of Tumor Localization After Intra-Arterial Delivery of Technetium-99m-Labeled SPIO Using SPECT/CT and MRI

In Joon Lee et al. Mol Imaging. .

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the localization of 99mTc-labeled dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to the liver tumor using image-based analysis. We delivered 99mTc-SPIO intravenously or intra-arterially (IA) with/without Lipiodol to compare the tumor localization by gamma scintigraphy, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a rabbit liver tumor. The gamma and SPECT image-based analysis shows that the uptake ratio of the tumor to the normal liver parenchyma is highest after delivery of 99mTc-SPIO with Lipiodol IA and that well correlates with the trend of the signal decrease in the liver MRIs. Intra-arterial delivery of SPIO with Lipiodol might be a good drug delivery system targeting the hepatic tumors, as confirmed by image-based analysis.

Keywords: Intra-arterial (IA) delivery; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO); technetium-99m.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Overview of the experimental design.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The surface modification and 99mTc labeling of SPIO: The schematic procedure for the surface modification of SPIO and 99mTc labeling (A); the size distribution of the SPIO, the modified SPIO, and the 99mTc-SPIO (B); radiochromatograms of 99mTc-SPIO (C). SPIO indicates superparamagnetic iron oxide.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
A, Tumor localization images of 99mTc-SPIO: Gamma scintigraphy and SPECT MIP (maximum intensity projection); (B) Pre-contrast CT; (C) SPECT/CT; (D) T2*-weighted images pre- or postdelivery of 99mTc-SPIO. CT indicates computed tomography; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The image-based analysis of tumor localization of 99mTc-SPIO. A, The uptake ratio of the tumor to the normal liver parenchyma on the 99mTc-SPIO SPECT/CT at 90 minutes after delivery (positive results [P < .05] in the post hoc test: A vs B [P = .032], A vs C [P = .032], B vs C [P = .043]. B, The uptake ratio of tumors to the normal liver parenchyma on the 99mTc-SPIO scintigraphy images after 180 minutes. CT indicates computed tomography; SPECT, single-photon emission computed tomography; SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Signal decreases of the tumor on second MRIs at 3 hours after delivery (first MRIs: gray bar; second MRIs: dark gray bar; positive results in the post hoc test for second MRIs: A vs C (P < .001), B vs C (P < .001). MRI indicates magnetic resonance imaging.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Photograph of Prussian blue staining: ×200 image in group A. A, There is no Prussian blue–positive vesicles in the tumor, ×200 images in group B. B, Prussian blue–positive vesicles (blue color) are deposited in the septum (circle) and the tumor cell (arrow), ×200 image in group C. C, Prussian blue–positive vesicles (blue color) is frequently demonstrated around occluded tumor vessels filled with blood clots (stars), ×400 image in normal liver parenchyma. D, A small cell (arrow head) suggested Kupffer cell contains Prussian blue–positive vesicles (blue color).
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