Agreement and diagnostic accuracy of vision screening in children by teachers, community eye-health workers and vision technicians

Abstract

Background: To compare the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of vision screening conducted by trained community eye-health workers (CEHWs) and teachers with reference to vision technicians in Movva Mandal (sub-district) in Krishna District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

Methods: As part of a large epidemiological study on visual impairment in children, vision screening was conducted in all the schools in a sub-district. The children were screened using a screening card with 6/12 tumbling E optotypes by trained CEHWs, teachers and a vision technician. Teachers were included if they had screened at least 100 children and had at least five children identified with visual impairment.

Results: Of a total 6,197 children from 75 schools, 4,929 children were screened by all three categories of examiners (one vision technician, five CEHWs and 79 teachers). The overall agreement between the vision technician and CEHWs was 0.84 (95 per cent CI: 0.79-0.9) with a range of 0.77-0.9. Overall sensitivity of CEHWs to detect visual impairment was 83.3 per cent (95 per cent CI: 73.6-90.6) with a range of 71.4-87.1 per cent. Overall agreement of the five teachers with the vision technician was 0.81 (95 per cent CI: 0.74-0.88) with a range of 0.32-0.92. The overall sensitivity of teachers to detect vision problem was 72.3 per cent (95 per cent CI: 61.4-81.6) with a range from 20 per cent to 85.7 per cent and specificity was near 100 per cent.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of CEHWs and teachers compared to those of the vision technician. There was a large variability among teachers, which needs to be considered in school vision screening programs.

Keywords: agreement; diagnostic accuracy; school children; vision screening.