Biochemical, physiological, and performance response of a functional watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline during a half-marathon race

Abstract

Background: Watermelon is a rich natural source of l-citrulline. This non-essential amino acid increases exercise performance. Objective: Evaluate the effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) (3.45 g per 500 mL) in physical performance and biochemical markers after a half-marathon race. Design: A randomised, double blind, crossover design where 2 h after drinking 500 mL of CWJ or placebo (PLA, beverage without l-citrulline) amateur male runners performed two half-marathon races. Jump height, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were evaluated before and after the races. Moreover, muscle soreness and plasma markers of muscle damage and metabolism were evaluated for 72 h after the races. Results: Muscle soreness perception was significantly lower from 24 to 72 h after the race with CWJ beverage. Immediately after the races, runners under CWJ condition showed plasma lactate and glucose concentrations significantly lower and higher lactate dehydrogenase and l-arginine concentration than runners under PLA. A maintenance of jump heights after the races under CWJ supplementation was found, decreasing significantly with PLA. Conclusion: A single Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline dose diminished muscle soreness perception from 24 to 72 h after the race and maintained lower concentrations of plasma lactate after an exhausting exercise.

Keywords: Ergogenic supplements; arginine; glucose; lactate; lactate dehydrogenase; muscle soreness.

Figure 1.

Effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) on jump recovery on squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ). Different capital letters for the same beverage show significant differences between the times and different lower case letters for the same time show significant differences between beverages.

Figure 2.

Effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) on muscle soreness at 30 min, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after half-marathon. Different capital letters for the same time show significant differences between beverages and different lower case letters for the same beverage show significant differences between the times.

Figure 3.

Effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) on blood parameters such as arginine, myoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) after half-marathon. Different capital letters for the same time show significant differences between beverages and different lower case letters for the same beverage show significant differences between the times.

Figure 4.

Effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) on blood enzymes such as glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) after half-marathon. Different capital letters for the same time show significant differences between beverages and different lower case letters for the same beverage show significant differences between the times.

Figure 5.

Effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) on blood parameters such as lactate, creatinine, uric acid, and urea after half-marathon. Different capital letters for the same time show significant differences between beverages and different lower case letters for the same beverage show significant differences between the times.

Figure 6.

Effect of Fashion watermelon juice enriched in l-citrulline (CWJ) on blood substrates such fasting glucose and cholesterol after half-marathon. Different capital letters for the same time show significant differences between beverages and different lower case letters for the same beverage show significant differences between the times.