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. 2017 Jun 29;12(6):e0180357.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180357. eCollection 2017.

Bone tissue, blood lipids and inflammatory profiles in adolescent male athletes from sports contrasting in mechanical load

Ricardo R Agostinete  1   2 , João P Duarte  3   4 , João Valente-Dos-Santos  3   5   6   7 , Manuel J Coelho-E-Silva  3 , Oscar M Tavares  8 , Jorge M Conde  9 , Carlos A Fontes-Ribeiro  6   10 , Giancarlo Condello  11 , Laura Capranica  11 , Suziane U Caires  1   2 , Rômulo A Fernandes  1   2   12
Affiliations

Bone tissue, blood lipids and inflammatory profiles in adolescent male athletes from sports contrasting in mechanical load

Ricardo R Agostinete et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Exploring the effect of non-impact and impact sports is particular relevant to understand the interaction between skeletal muscle and bone health during growth. The current study aimed to compare total and regional bone and soft-tissue composition, in parallel to measurements of blood lipid and inflammatory profiles between adolescent athletes and non-athletes. Anthropometry, biological maturity, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, training load and lipid and inflammatory profiles were assessed in a cross-sectional sample of 53 male adolescents (20 non-athletes, 15 swimmers and 18 basketball players) aged 12-19 years. Multiple comparisons between groups were performed using analysis of variance, covariance and magnitude effects (ES-r and Cohen's d). The comparisons of controls with other groups were very large for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (d range: 2.17-2.92). The differences between sports disciplines, regarding tissue outputs obtained from DXA scan were moderate for all variables except fat tissue (d = 0.4). It was possible to determine small differences (ES-r = 0.17) between controls and swimmers for bone area at the lower limbs (13.0%). In parallel, between swimmers and basketball players, the gradient of the differences was small (ES-r range: 0.15-0.23) for bone mineral content (24.6%), bone area (11.3%) and bone mineral density (11.1%) at the lower limbs, favoring the basketball players. These observations highlight that youth male athletes presented better blood and soft tissues profiles with respect to controls. Furthermore, sport-specific differences emerged for the lower limbs, with basketball players presenting higher bone mineral content, area and density than swimmers.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Stature (panel A), body mass (panel B), fat tissue (panel C) and lean soft tissue (panel D) in male controls (white bars), swimmers (grey bars) and basketball players (black bars). * indicates difference between the groups (p<0.05).
Fig 2
Fig 2. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in male controls (white bars), swimmers (grey bars) and basketball players (black bars).
* indicates difference between the groups (p<0.05).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Whole body bone mineral content (BMC), trunk BMC, upper limbs BMC, lower limbs BMC in male controls (white bars), swimmers (grey bars) and basketball players (black bars) adjusted by chorological age, maturity offset, vitamin D intake and weekly training load.
* indicates difference between the groups (p<0.05).
Fig 4
Fig 4. Whole body bone mineral content (BMD), trunk BMD, upper limbs BMD, lower limbs BMD in male controls (white bars), swimmers (grey bars) and basketball players (black bars) adjusted by chorological age, maturity offset, vitamin D intake and weekly training load.
* indicates difference between the groups (p<0.05).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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