Anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Abstract

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a type of catechin found in green tea. EGCG exhibits a variety of activities, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetes, antiobesity, and antitumor. In this review, we focus on the antitumor effects of EGCG. EGCG inhibits carcinogen activity, tumorigenesis, proliferation, and angiogenesis, and induces cell death. These effects are associated with modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although EGCG has a dual function of antioxidant and pro-oxidant potential, EGCG-mediated modulation of ROS production is reported to be responsible for its anticancer effects. The EGCG-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor-κB signaling is also associated with inhibition of migration, angiogenesis, and cell viability. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases activity upregulates the anticancer effect of EGCG on migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In addition, EGCG could also induce epigenetic modification by inhibition of DNA methyltransferase activity and regulation of acetylation on histone, leading to an upregulation of apoptosis. Although EGCG promotes strong anticancer effects by multiple mechanisms, further studies are needed to define the use of EGCG in clinical treatment.

Keywords: anticancer; cell death; epigallocatechin-3-gallate; nuclear factor-κB; reactive oxygen species.

Fig. 1

Structure of epigallocatechin-3-gallate. [(2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl]3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoate. Molecular weight: 458.37.

Fig. 2

Anticancer effects and molecular mechanisms of EGCG. EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; ROS, reactive oxygen species.