Modifiable Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation: The Role of Alcohol, Obesity, and Sleep Apnea

Abstract

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia affecting a growing number of Canadians. Traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and valvular disease, are often present in older patients with AF. Modifiable risk factors should also be sought in patients presenting with new-onset AF. Obesity is a rapidly growing epidemic in Canada. Emerging evidence is linking obesity and the often coexistent obstructive sleep apnea with an increased incidence of AF. Alcohol intake can also predispose to the development of AF. The purpose of this article is to review recent evidence looking at these modifiable risk factors and how intervention can mitigate these increased risks.