Pre-Emptive Effect of Dexamethasone and Diclofenac Sodium Associated With Codeine on Pain, Swelling, and Trismus After Third Molar Surgery: A Split-Mouth, Randomized, Triple-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to compare the effect of dexamethasone, 8 mg, and diclofenac sodium, 50 mg, associated with codeine, 50 mg, on the control of pain, swelling, and trismus after extraction of impacted third molars.

Materials and methods: Fifteen healthy patients with a mean age of 22.8 years (SD, 12.62 years) received a single oral dose of either drug 1 hour before each surgical procedure (left and right teeth). At 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery, swelling was determined by use of linear measurements on the face and trismus was determined by maximal mouth opening. Postoperative pain was self-recorded by the patients using a numerical rating scale at 24-hour intervals for a period of 72 hours. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, and paired t tests (P < .05).

Results: Dexamethasone controlled pain (P = .016) and edema (P = .08) within 48 hours better than diclofenac sodium associated with codeine. No statistically significant differences were found between drugs regarding trismus and consumption of rescue analgesics (acetaminophen).

Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that pre-emptive administration of dexamethasone, 8 mg, showed better control of pain and swelling in bilateral extractions of third impacted mandibular molars.