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Review
. 2017 Jul 4;22(7):1107.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22071107.

Synthesis and Modification of Clinoptilolite

Pavlina Ambrozova  1 , Jindrich Kynicky  2   3 , Tomas Urubek  4   5 , Vinh Dinh Nguyen  6   7
Affiliations
Review

Synthesis and Modification of Clinoptilolite

Pavlina Ambrozova et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Clinoptilolite is a natural mineral with exceptional physical characteristics resulting from its special crystal structure, mainstreamed into a large zeolite group called heulandites. An overall view of the research related to the synthesis, modification and application of synthetic clinoptilolite is presented. A single phase of clinoptilolite can be hydrothermally synthesized for 1-10 days in an autoclave from various silica, alumina, and alkali sources with initial Si/Al ratio from 3.0 to 5.0 at a temperature range from 120 to 195 °C. Crystallization rate and crystallinity of clinoptilolite can be improved by seeding. The modification of clinoptilolite has received noticeable attention from the research community, since modified forms have specific properties and therefore their area of application has been broadening. This paper provides a review of the use of organic compounds such as quarter alkyl ammonium, polymer, amine and inorganic species used in the modification process, discusses the processes and mechanisms of clinoptilolite modification, and identifies research gaps and new perspectives.

Keywords: HDTMA; clinoptilolite crystallization; hydrothermal synthesis; surfactant modification; zeolite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of the synthesis of clinoptilolite.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Conceptual model of hexadecyltrimethylammonium ion (HDMTA) adsorption onto natural clinoptilolite. (A) Cin,HDTMA < CMC and ISI < ECEC; (B) Cin,HDTMA < CMC and ISI > ECEC or Cin,HDTMA > CMC and ECEC < ISI < 2ECEC; (C) Cin,HDTMA > CMC and ISI > 2ECEC; (D) Cin,HDTMA > CMC and ISI < ECEC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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