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Review
. 2017 Jul 4;18(7):1426.
doi: 10.3390/ijms18071426.

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Cardiovascular System in Response to Gravity

Ken Takahashi  1 , Hiroki Okumura  2 , Rui Guo  3   4 , Keiji Naruse  5
Affiliations
Review

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Cardiovascular System in Response to Gravity

Ken Takahashi et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Long-term habitation in space leads to physiological alterations such as bone loss, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular deconditioning. Two predominant factors-namely space radiation and microgravity-have a crucial impact on oxidative stress in living organisms. Oxidative stress is also involved in the aging process, and plays important roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and myocardial infarction. Here, we discuss the effects of space radiation, microgravity, and a combination of these two factors on oxidative stress. Future research may facilitate safer living in space by reducing the adverse effects of oxidative stress.

Keywords: microgravity; oxidative stress; radiation; reactive oxygen species.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Generation of reactive oxygen species. Superoxide anion is produced by xanthine oxidase (XO), mitochondria, and NADP+ oxidase (NOX). Superoxide anion is converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), and then to H2O and O2 by catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx).
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