Affiliation

• ¹ Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care American College of Surgeons Chicago, IL Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care American College of Surgeons Chicago, IL, Department of Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, Center for Health Policy and the Olin Business School at Washington University in St Louis St. Louis, MO, John Cochran Veterans Affairs Medical Center St. Louis, MO, BJC Healthcare St. Louis, MO Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care American College of Surgeons Chicago, IL Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care American College of Surgeons Chicago, IL, Department of Surgery University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles, CA.