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. 2017 Jul 11;17(1):110.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-017-0396-z.

Evaluation of the safety and efficiency of novel metallic implant scaler tips manufactured by the powder injection molding technique

Kyung A Chun  1   2 , Kee-Yeon Kum  1 , Woo-Cheol Lee  1 , Seung-Ho Baek  1 , Hae-Won Choi  3   4 , Won-Jun Shon  5
Affiliations

Evaluation of the safety and efficiency of novel metallic implant scaler tips manufactured by the powder injection molding technique

Kyung A Chun et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Background: Although many studies have compared the properties of ultrasonic scaling instruments, it remains controversial as to which is most suitable for implant scaling. This study evaluated the safety and efficiency of novel metallic ultrasonic scaler tips made by the powder injection molding (PIM) technique on titanium surfaces.

Methods: Mechanical instrumentation was carried out using four types of metal scaler tips consisting of copper (CU), bronze (BR), 316 L stainless steel (316 L), and conventional stainless steel (SS) tips. The instrumented surface alteration image of samples was viewed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface profile of the each sample was investigated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and maximum height roughness (Rmax) of titanium samples were measured and dissipated power of the scaler tip was estimated for scaling efficiency.

Results: The average Ra values caused by the 316 L and SS tip were about two times higher than those of the CU and BR tips (p < 0.05). The Rmax value showed similar results. The efficiency of the SS tip was about 3 times higher than that of CU tip, the 316 L tip is about 2.7 times higher than that of CU tip, and the BR tip is about 1.2 times higher than that of CU tip.

Conclusions: Novel metallic bronze alloy ultrasonic scaler tip minimally damages titanium surfaces, similar to copper alloy tip. Therefore, this bronze alloy scaler tip may be promising instrument for implant maintenance therapy.

Keywords: Efficiency; Implant scaler tip; Novel metal; Powder injection molding (PIM); Titanium surface.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Four types of metal scaler tips used in this study. a Copper metallic implant tip (B&L Biotec, Ansan, Korea) (b) Bronze metallic implant tip (Cetatec, Sachun, Korea) (c) 316 L stainless steel implant tip (Cetatec, Sachun, Korea) (d) Conventional stainless steel (Satelec, Merignac, France)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic diagram of the ultrasonic scaling apparatus. a = specimen; b = ultrasonic scaler; c = double-pan balance; d = motor with control box
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
A diagrammatic model of the steady-state motion of an AFM cantilever with the scaler tip. (Po = power dissipated by the body of the cantilever, Ptip = power of dissipation localized to tip, Pin = power of input)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
SEM images of specimens after scaling with each experimental tip. a Copper metallic implant tip (CU) (b) Bronze metallic implant tip (BR) (c) 316 L stainless steel implant tip (316 L) (d) Conventional stainless steel (SS)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Confocal Laser scanning microscope image of titanium specimens after scaling with each experimental tip. a Copper metallic implant tip (CU) (b) Bronze metallic implant tip (BR) (c) 316 L stainless steel implant tip (316 L) (d) Conventional stainless steel (SS)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The average roughness (Ra) and maximum height roughness (Rmax) of titanium disk after instrumentation. Copper metallic implant tip (CU), Bronze metallic implant tip (BR), 316 L stainless steel implant tip (316 L), Conventional stainless steel (SS). Same superscript letter means no statistical difference (p > 0.05)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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