Impact of High-flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Quality Improvement and Clinical Outcomes in a Non-invasive Ventilation Device-free Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the change in quality indicators due to the use of high-flow nasal cannula therapy as a non-invasive ventilation method in children with respiratory distress/failure in a non-invasive ventilation device-free pediatric intensive care unit.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of children with respiratory distress/failure admitted 1 year before (period before high-flow nasal cannula therapy) and 1 year after (period after high-flow nasal cannula therapy) the introduction of high-flow nasal cannula therapy. We compared quality indicators as rate of mechanical ventilation, total duration of mechanical ventilation, rate of re-intubation, pediatric intensive care unit length of stay, and mortality rate between these periods.

Results: Between November 2012 and November 2014, 272 patients: 141 before and 131 after high-flow nasal cannula therapy were reviewed (median age was 20.5 mo). Of the patients in the severe respiratory distress/failure subgroup, the rate of intubation was significantly lower in period after than in period before high-flow nasal cannula therapy group (58.1% vs. 76.1%; P <0.05). The median pediatric intensive care unit length of stay was significantly shorter in patients who did not require mechanical ventilation in the period after than in the period before high-flow nasal cannula therapy group (3d vs. 4d; P<0,05).

Conclusion: Implementation of high-flow nasal cannula therapy in pediatric intensive care unit significantly improves the quality of therapy and its outcomes.