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. 2017 Jul 12;22(7):1161.
doi: 10.3390/molecules22071161.

Effect of UV-C Radiation, Ultra-Sonication Electromagnetic Field and Microwaves on Changes in Polyphenolic Compounds in Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)

Tomasz Cebulak  1 , Jan Oszmiański  2 , Ireneusz Kapusta  3 , Sabina Lachowicz  4
Affiliations

Effect of UV-C Radiation, Ultra-Sonication Electromagnetic Field and Microwaves on Changes in Polyphenolic Compounds in Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)

Tomasz Cebulak et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Chokeberry fruits are highly valued for their high content of polyphenolic compounds. The use of such abiotic stress factors as UV-C radiation, an electromagnetic field, microwave radiation, and ultrasound, at different operation times, caused differentiation in the contents of anthocyanins, phenolic acids, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols. Samples were analyzed for contents of polyphenolics with ultra-performance liquid chromatography and photodiode detector-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-MS/MS). The analysis showed that after exposure to abiotic stress factors, the concentration of anthocyanins ranged from 3587 to 6316 mg/100 g dry matter (dm) that constituted, on average, 67.6% of all identified polyphenolic compounds. The second investigated group included phenolic acids with the contents ranging between 1480 and 2444 mg/100 g dm (26.5%); then flavonols within the range of 133 to 243 mg/100 g dm (3.7%), and finally flavan-3-ols fluctuated between 191 and 369 mg/100 g dm (2.2%). The use of abiotic stress factors such as UV-C radiation, microwaves and ultrasound field, in most cases contributed to an increase in the content of the particular polyphenolic compounds in black chokeberry. Under the influence of these factors, increases were observed: in anthocyanin content, of 22%; in phenolic acids, of 20%; in flavonols, of 43%; and in flavan-3-ols, of 30%. Only the use of the electromagnetic field caused a decrease in the content of the examined polyphenolic compounds.

Keywords: UPLC-PDA-MS/MS; UV-C radiation; abiotic stress; antioxidant activity; chokeberry; electromagnetic field; microwave radiation; polyphenolic compounds; ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The influence of abiotic stress factors (UV-C electromagnetic field of the microwave field, ultrasound) on the content of anthocyanins in chokeberry fruits.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The influence of abiotic stress factors (UV-C electromagnetic field of the microwave field, ultrasound) on the content of chlorogenic acid in chokeberry fruits.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The influence of abiotic stress factors (UV-C electromagnetic field of the microwave field, ultrasound) on the content of flavonols in chokeberry fruits.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The influence of abiotic stress factors (UV-C electromagnetic field of the microwave field, ultrasound) on the content of flavan-3-ols in chokeberry fruits.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chemical structures of polyphenolic compounds present in chokeberries.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Segment from 0.0 to 8.0 min of LC-DAD chromatogram at 520 nm of chokeberry extracts. Peak number identities are displayed in Table 2.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Segment from 0.0 to 9.0 min of LC-DAD chromatogram at 280 nm of chokeberry extracts. Peak number identities are displayed in Table 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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