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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2017 Oct;72(10):912-918.
doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209690. Epub 2017 Jul 14.

Impact of low-dose CT screening on smoking cessation among high-risk participants in the UK Lung Cancer Screening Trial

Kate Brain  1 , Ben Carter  1   2 , Kate J Lifford  1 , Olivia Burke  1 , Anand Devaraj  3 , David R Baldwin  4 , Stephen Duffy  5 , John K Field  6
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Impact of low-dose CT screening on smoking cessation among high-risk participants in the UK Lung Cancer Screening Trial

Kate Brain et al. Thorax. 2017 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Smoking cessation was examined among high-risk participants in the UK Lung Cancer Screening (UKLS) Pilot Trial of low-dose CT screening.

Methods: High-risk individuals aged 50-75 years who completed baseline questionnaires were randomised to CT screening (intervention) or usual care (no screening control). Smoking habit was determined at baseline using self-report. Smokers were asked whether they had quit smoking since joining UKLS at T1 (2 weeks after baseline scan results or control assignment) and T2 (up to 2 years after recruitment). Intention-to-treat (ITT) regression analyses were undertaken, adjusting for baseline lung cancer distress, trial site and sociodemographic variables.

Results: Of a total 4055 individuals randomised to CT screening or control, 1546 were baseline smokers (759 intervention, 787 control). Smoking cessation rates were 8% (control n=36/479) versus 14% (intervention n=75/527) at T1 and 21% (control n=79/377) versus 24% (intervention n=115/488) at T2. ITT analyses indicated that the odds of quitting among screened participants were significantly higher at T1 (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.38, 95% CI 1.56 to 3.64, p<0.001) and T2 (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.18, p=0.003) compared with control. Intervention participants who needed additional clinical investigation were more likely to quit in the longer term compared with the control group (aOR 2.29, 95% CI 1.62 to 3.22, p=0.007) and those receiving a negative result (aOR 2.43, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.84, p<0.001).

Conclusions: CT lung cancer screening for high-risk participants presents a teachable moment for smoking cessation, especially among those who receive a positive scan result. Further behavioural research is needed to evaluate optimal strategies for integrating smoking cessation intervention with stratified lung cancer screening.

Trial registration number: Results, ISRCTN 78513845.

Keywords: Lung Cancer; Smoking cessation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trial CONSORT diagram. UKLS, UK Lung Cancer Screening.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

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    1. ASH. Smoking statistics. http://www.ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_93.pdf (accessed 18 Mar 2016).
    1. ASH. Smoking statistics: who smokes and how much. http://ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_106.pdf (accessed 18 Mar 2016).
    1. Office for National Statistics. Do smoking rates vary between more and less advantaged areas? http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/disability-and-health-measurement/do-smoki... (accessed 18 Mar 2016).

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