Prevalence of cervical colonization by Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium in childbearing age women by a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR: An Italian observational multicentre study

Abstract

Background: Mycoplasmas are frequently isolated from the genital tract. New molecular PCR-based methods for the detection of mycoplasmas can better define the real epidemiology of these microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mycoplasmas in a population of childbearing age women by means of PCR.

Methods: This 21-month multicentre observational study was conducted at four Italian clinical microbiology laboratories. Women reporting symptoms of vaginitis/cervicitis, or with history of infertility, pregnancy, miscarriage or preterm birth were included. Detection of Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium was performed from cervical swabs by means of a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR.

Results: a total of 1761 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The overall prevalence was: U. parvum 38.3%, U. urealyticum 9%, M. hominis 8.6% and M. genitalium 0.6%. The proportion of foreign patients positive for U. parvum was significantly higher compared to Italian patients (37% vs 30.1%, p = 0.007) and also for overall mycoplasma colonization (53.4% vs 45.8%, p = 0.011). The number of symptomatic patients positive for M. hominis was significantly higher than that of negative controls (2.9% vs 1%, p = 0.036). A significant positive trend in mycoplasma colonization was found in relation to the pregnancy week for U. urealyticum (p = 0.015), M. hominis (p = 0.044) and for overall mycoplasma colonization (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: multiplex RT-PCR can be a valuable tool to evaluate the real epidemiology of cervical mycoplasma colonization.

Keywords: Genital mycoplasmas; Mycoplasma genitalium; Mycoplasma hominis; Real-time PCR; Ureaplasma parvum; Ureaplasma urealyticum.