Breast cancer in the 21st century: from early detection to new therapies

Abstract

The analysis of the causes that have given rise to a change in tendency in the incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer in the last few decades generates important revelations regarding the role of breast screening, the regular application of adjuvant therapies and the change of risk factors. The benefits of early detection have been accompanied by certain adverse effects, even in terms of an excessive number of prophylactic mastectomies. Recently, several updates have been published on the recommendations in breast cancer screening at an international level. On the other hand, the advances in genomics have made it possible to establish a new molecular classification of breast cancer. Our aim is to present an updated overview of the epidemiological situation of breast cancer, as well as some relevant issues from the point of view of diagnosis, such as molecular classification and different strategies for both population-based and opportunistic screening.

Keywords: Adjuvant therapy; Breast cancer; Cribado con mamografía; Cáncer de mama; Incidence; Incidencia; Mammography screening; Mortalidad; Mortality; Tratamiento adyuvante.