Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2017 May;6(2):164-169.

Complications of Internal Continuous and Perforating External Osteotomy in Primary Rhinoplasty

Sadrollah Motamed  1 , Alireza Saberi  1 , Feyzollah Niazi  1 , Hojjat Molaei  1
Affiliations

Complications of Internal Continuous and Perforating External Osteotomy in Primary Rhinoplasty

Sadrollah Motamed et al. World J Plast Surg. 2017 May.

Abstract

Background: Osteotomy is one of the major steps in rhinoplasty. The aim of study was to compare edema and ecchymosis after external and internal lateral osteotomy in patients who underwent rhinoplasty.

Methods: Based on a prospective randomized clinical trial, 168 osteotomies were performed through an external route in a perforating fashion and internal route in a continuous fashion at right or left side respectively in any patient. Subjective scoring system was applied to evaluate edema and ecchymosis on 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 30th days after surgery.

Results: Edema and ecchymosis were the same in both types of osteotomies.

Conclusion: Regarding edema and ecchymosis, there was not any significant difference between external and internal osteotomies in rhinoplasty.

Keywords: Complication; Continuous; Osteotomy; Perforating; Rhinoplasty.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Internal vs external osteotomy
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Scoring diagram for edema. Grade 1, no coverage of iris with eyelids. Grade 2, slight coverage of iris with swollen eyelids. Grade 3, full coverage of iris with swollen eyelids. Grade 4, full closure of eyes.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Scoring diagram for ecchymosis. Grade 1, ecchymosis up to the medial one-third part of the lower and/or upper eyelid. Grade 2, ecchymosis up to the medial twothirds part of the lower and/or upper eyelid. Grade 3, ecchymosis up to the full length of the lower and/or upper eyelid.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Ecchmosis in patients after one day of undergoing nasal osteotomy
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Ecchmosis in patients after 3 days of undergoing nasal osteotomy
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Edema in patients after one day of undergoing nasal osteotomy
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Edema in patients after 3 days of undergoing nasal osteotomy
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Edema in patients after 7 days of undergoing nasal osteotomy
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Manafi A, Eslami Shahr Babaki A, Mehrabani G, Shahlaee A, Manafi A. Can we add auricular composite graft to our rhinoplasty armamentarium? World J Plast Surg. 2013;2:33–40. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hassanpour SE, Heidari A, Moosavizadeh SM, Tarahomi MR, Goljanian A, Tavakoli S. Comparison of aesthetic and functional outcomes of spreader graft and autospreader flap in rhinoplasty. World J Plast Surg. 2016;5:133–138. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rees JT, Griner NR, Remmler DJ. Steps for a safer method of osteotomies in rhinoplasty. Laryngoscope. 1987;97:746. - PubMed
    1. Ford CN, Battaglia DG, Gentry LR. Preservation of periosteal attachment in lateral osteotomy. Ann Plast Surg. 1984;13:107. - PubMed
    1. Tardy MA, Denneny JC. Micro-osteotomies in rhinoplasty. Facial Plast Surg. 1984;1

LinkOut - more resources