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. 2017 Jul 18;16(1):289.
doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-1935-4.

Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on the acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Ouelessebougou, Mali

Almahamoudou Mahamar  1 , Djibrilla Issiaka  1 , Amadou Barry  1 , Oumar Attaher  1 , Adama B Dembele  1 , Tiangoua Traore  1 , Adama Sissoko  1 , Sekouba Keita  1 , Bacary Soumana Diarra  1 , David L Narum  2 , Patrick E Duffy  2 , Alassane Dicko  1 , Michal Fried  3
Affiliations

Effect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention on the acquisition of antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in Ouelessebougou, Mali

Almahamoudou Mahamar et al. Malar J. .

Abstract

Background: Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a new strategy to reduce malaria burden in young children in Sahelian countries. It consists of the administration of full treatment courses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine to children at monthly intervals during the malaria season. However, it is not clear if there is a cumulative effect of SMC over time on acquisition of antibodies to malaria antigens.

Methods: A cross-sectional serosurvey was carried out 1 month after the last dose of SMC in 2016. Children aged 3-4 years were randomly selected from areas where SMC was given for 1, 2 or 3 years during the malaria season. Children in the areas where SMC had been implemented for 1 year but who failed to receive SMC were used as comparison group. Antibody extracted from dry blood spots was used to measure IgG levels to CSP, MSP-142 and AMA1.

Results: The prevalence of antibodies to AMA-1 were high and similar in children who received SMC for 1, 2 or 3 years and also when compared to those who never received SMC (96.3 vs 97.5%, adjusted OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.33-2.97, p = 0.99). The prevalence of antibodies to MSP-142 and to CSP were similar in children that received SMC for 1, 2 or 3 years, but were lower in these children compared to those who did not receive SMC (87.1 vs 91.2%, adjusted OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.29-1.01, p = 0.05 for MSP-142; 79.8 vs 89.2%, adjusted OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.30-0.90, p = 0.019 for CSP).

Conclusions: SMC reduced seropositivity to MSP-142 and CSP, but the duration of SMC did not further reduce seropositivity. Exposure to SMC did not reduce the seropositivity to AMA1.

Keywords: Antibody; Seasonal malaria chemoprevention; Seropositivity.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Comparison of antibody levels between children who never received SMC and children that received SMC. IgG levels to 3 malarial antigens in children who received SMC for 1–3 years and children who did not receive SMC were compared. The number of children in each group are as follow: No SMC, n = 158; SMC 1 year, n = 271; SMC 2 years, n = 232; SMC 3 years, n = 231
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