Short Term Results of Intra Tympanic Gentamicin and Dexamethasone on Hearing and Tinnitus in Meniere's disease: A Case Control Study

Abstract

Introduction: The role of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intra tympanic administration of Gentamicin(40 mgs/ml) and Dexamethasone 0.5 ml(4 mgs/ml) on hearing and tinnitus of patients who had recurrent acute attacks of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss.

Study design: 60 consecutive patients of Meniere's disease were randomly divided into 3 groups of twenty patients each. Group A included 20 patients who received intra tympanic gentamicin, Group B included 20 patients who received intra tympanic dexamethasone and Group C included 20 patients who received intra tympanic normal saline 0.5 ml. The mean pure tone thresholds at speech frequencies were noted before treatment and 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after treatment. Tinnitus was surveyed with a set questionnaire (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory).

Results: The mean PTA at speech frequencies for Group A worsened from 50 dB to 62 dB which was statistically significant. Two ears developed profound sensorineural hearing loss. The mean tinnitus handicap inventory grade of group A was 4. Mean was 2 at the end of 6 months which indicates significant reduction of the tinnitus score. Group B patients had a mean PTA at speech frequencies of 42 dB. There was no gain in 12 patients and less than 10 dB in the remaining eight patients and no worsening of hearing was seen. The mean tinnitus handicap inventory grade in Group B was 2.5 and was 2 at 6 months after treatment. Group C patients had a mean PTA of 48 dB before treatment and were same after treatment however the tinnitus handicap grade was 2.5 before the treatment and 2.0 after treatment.

Conclusion: Intra tympanic gentamicin is more effective in controlling tinnitus as compared to dexamethasone and placebo and there was no marked difference in control of tinnitus between placebo and steroids. There is significant hearing loss with IT Gentamicin and no marked difference between steroid and placebo on hearing.

Keywords: deafness; injections; tinnitus; vertigo.