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. 2017 Jul;25(5):750-759.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.10.012. Epub 2016 Nov 12.

Isolation, biological evaluation and validated HPTLC-quantification of the marker constituent of the edible Saudi plant Sisymbrium irio L

Shaza M Al-Massarani  1 , Ali A El Gamal  1   2 , Perwez Alam  1 , Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi  1 , Mai M Al-Oqail  1 , Nida N Farshori  1
Affiliations

Isolation, biological evaluation and validated HPTLC-quantification of the marker constituent of the edible Saudi plant Sisymbrium irio L

Shaza M Al-Massarani et al. Saudi Pharm J. 2017 Jul.

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation and chromatographic purification of the n-hexane fraction of the aerial parts of the edible Saudi plant Sisymbrium irio led to the isolation of β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2) and β-sitosterol-β-d-glucoside (3). The cytotoxic effects of the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions were tested against three cancer cell lines viz., MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2, using the crystal violet staining (CVS) method, while the antibacterial activity against a number of pathogenic bacterial strains, was also estimated using the broth microdilution assay. The n-hexane fraction showed potent cytotoxic activities against all tested human cancer cell lines (IC50: 11.7-13.4 μg/mL), while the dichloromethane fraction was particularly potent against HCT-116 cells (IC50: 5.42 μg/mL). On the other hand, the n-hexane and EtOAc fractions demonstrated significant inhibitory activities against the Gram positive bacteria S. pyogenes and C. perfringens; and the Gram negative bacterium S. enteritidis. Our results warrant the therapeutic potential of S. irio as nutritional supplement to reduce the risk of contemporary diseases. Additionally, a validated high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the quantitative analysis of biomarker β-sitosterol glucoside (isolated in high quantity) from the n-hexane fraction. The system was found to furnish a compact, sharp, symmetrical and high resolution band for β-sitosterol glucoside (Rf = 0.43 ± 0.002). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for β-sitosterol glucoside was found to be 21.84 and 66.18 ng band-1, respectively. β-sitosterol glucoside was found to be present only in n-hexane fraction (2.10 μg/mg of dried fraction) while it was absent in the other fractions of S. irio which validated the high cytotoxic and antibacterial activity of n-hexane fraction of S. irio.

Keywords: Antibacterial; Cytotoxic; Edible plants; HPTLC; Sisymbrium irio; β-sitosterol glucoside.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structures of isolated compounds from S. irio.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Cytotoxicity assessment by CVS assay in HCT-116 tumor cell line. Values are the mean ± SE of three assays, p < 0.01, compared to the reference drug.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cytotoxicity assessment by CVS assay in MCF-7 tumor cell line. Values are the mean ± SE of three assays, p < 0.01, compared to the reference drug.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Cytotoxicity assessment by CVS assay in HepG-2 tumor cell line. Values are the mean ± SE of three assays, p < 0.01, compared to the reference drug.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Picture of the developed TLC plate derivatized with p-anisaldehyde reagent at daylight; mobile phase:chloroform:methanol (16:4).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Chromatogram of standard β-sitosterol glucoside (Rf = 0.43; 500 ng/spot) at 600 nm; mobile phase:chloroform:methanol (16:4).
Figure 7
Figure 7
3D display of all tracks at 600 nm; mobile phase:chloroform–methanol (16:4).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Chromatogram of n-hexane fraction scanned at 600 nm (β-sitosterol glucoside; Rf = 0.43); mobile phase:chloroform–methanol (16:4).
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