Potential of telmisartan in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common health problem in ageing men. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of telmisartan on testosterone-induced BPH in rats. Fifty-four male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 6) and orally treated for 28 consecutive days: group 1 - vehicle normal, olive oil (10 mL/kg); group 2 - BPH model control (10 mL/kg); groups 3-5 - telmisartan (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg, respectively); group 6 - pioglitazone (20 mg/kg); group 7 - celecoxib (20 mg/kg); group 8 - combination of telmisartan (5 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (20 mg/kg); group 9 - combination of telmisartan (5 mg/kg) and celecoxib (20 mg/kg). Animals in groups 2-9 were given testosterone propionate in olive oil (3 mg/kg) subcutaneously 15 min after pretreatments. On day 29, blood was collected for the estimation of serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The prostates were excised, weighed and subjected to biochemical and histological studies. Testosterone injection induced significant increase in prostatic index, serum testosterone and PSA suggesting BPH as well as increased prostate oxidative stress which were ameliorated with the pretreatment of rats with telmisartan or co-administration of celecoxib and pioglitazone. Histological examination showed that testosterone disrupted the morphology of the prostate epithelial cells evidenced in the involution of the epithelial lining of the acini into the lumen indicating BPH which was reversed by telmisartan. Findings from this study showed that telmisartan alone or in combination with pioglitazone prevented the development of testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia.

Keywords: inflammation; oxidative stress; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; prostate index; prostate-specific antigen.