A Latent Profile Analysis of Aggression and Victimization Across Relationship Types Among Veterans Who Use Substances

Abstract

Objective: This study examined patterns of violence victimization and aggression in both intimate partner and nonpartner relationships among U.S. military veterans using latent profile analysis to identify subtypes of violence involvement.

Method: Participants were 839 substance use treatment-seeking veterans (93% male) from a large Veterans Affairs Medical Center who completed screening measures for a randomized controlled trial.

Results: Past-year violence involvement, including both intimate partner violence (IPV) and nonpartner violence (NPV), was common in the sample, although NPV occurred at somewhat higher rates. When we included either IPV or NPV aggression or victimization, more than 40% reported involvement with physical violence, 30% with violence involving injury, and 86% with psychological aggression. Latent profile analysis including both aggression and victimization in partner and nonpartner relationships indicated a four-profile solution: no/low violence (NLV; n = 377), predominantly IPV (n = 219), predominantly NPV (n = 134), and high general violence (HGV; n = 109). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that, compared with the NLV group, the remaining three groups differed in age, cocaine use, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and legal involvement. Legal issues appeared to differentiate the profiles most, with the predominantly NPV and HGV profiles reporting more instances of driving under the influence and the HGV profile reporting legal problems related to aggression.

Conclusions: IPV and NPV are fairly common among veterans seeking substance use treatment. The clinical characteristics of violence profiles indicate that cocaine use, PTSD symptoms, and legal involvement are treatment needs that vary with violence profile and may be useful for clinical decision making.

Figure 1.

Means by violence domain and latent profile. IPV = intimate partner violence; NPV = nonpartner violence; PV = physical violence victimization; IV = injury victimization; PsyV = psychological victimization; PA = physical violence aggression; IA = injury aggression; PsyA = psychological aggression; PNPV = predominantly NPV; PIPV = predominantly IPV; HGV = high general violence; NLV = no/low violence.