Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2017 Jul 18;6(4):10.
doi: 10.1167/tvst.6.4.10. eCollection 2017 Jul.

Algorithms for the Automated Analysis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Biomarkers on Optical Coherence Tomography: A Systematic Review

Maximilian W M Wintergerst  1 , Thomas Schultz  2 , Johannes Birtel  1 , Alexander K Schuster  3 , Norbert Pfeiffer  3 , Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg  1 , Frank G Holz  1 , Robert P Finger  1
Affiliations
Review

Algorithms for the Automated Analysis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Biomarkers on Optical Coherence Tomography: A Systematic Review

Maximilian W M Wintergerst et al. Transl Vis Sci Technol. .

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the quality of optical coherence tomography (OCT) grading algorithms for retinal biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Following a systematic review of the literature data on detection and quantification of AMD retinal biomarkers by available algorithms were extracted and descriptively synthesized. Algorithm quality was assessed using a modified version of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 checklist with a focus on accuracy against established reference standards and risk of bias.

Results: Thirty five studies reporting computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools for qualitative analysis or algorithms for quantitative analysis were identified. Compared with manual assessment in reference standards correlation coefficients ranged from 0.54 to 0.97 for drusen, 0.80 to 0.98 for geographic atrophy (GA), and 0.30 to 0.98 for intra- or subretinal fluid and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) detection by automated algorithms. CAD tools achieved area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.94 to 0.99, sensitivity of 0.90 to 1.00, and specificity of 0.89 to 0.92.

Conclusions: Automated analysis of AMD biomarkers on OCT is promising. However, most of the algorithm validation was performed in preselected patients, exhibiting the targeted biomarker only. In addition, type and quality of reported algorithm validation varied substantially.

Translational relevance: The development of algorithms for combined, simultaneous analysis of multiple AMD biomarkers including AMD staging and the agreement on standardized validation procedures would be of considerable translational value for the clinician and the clinical researcher.

Keywords: age-related macular degeneration; automated image analysis; optical coherence tomography.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart depicting the literature search on algorithms for analysis of AMD biomarkers on OCT.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview of the entity of included algorithms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Klein R,, Klein BE,, Linton KL. Prevalence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1992; 99: 933–943. - PubMed
    1. Hee MR,, Puliafito CA,, Duker JS,, et al. Topography of diabetic macular edema with optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology. 1998; 105: 360–370. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Schlanitz FG,, Ahlers C,, Sacu S,, et al. Performance of drusen detection by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51: 6715–6721. - PubMed
    1. Schuetze C,, Ahlers C,, Sacu S,, et al. Performance of OCT segmentation procedures to assess morphology and extension in geographic atrophy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011; 89: 235–240. - PubMed
    1. Penha FM,, Gregori G,, Yehoshua Z,, Feuer WJ,, Rosenfeld PJ. Identifying the boundaries of retinal pigment epithelial detachments using two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography instruments. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2013; 44: 10–16. - PubMed