Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Jul;32(6):1386-1401.
doi: 10.1177/0890117117715052. Epub 2017 Jul 21.

Kids SIP smartER: A Feasibility Study to Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among Middle School Youth in Central Appalachia

Hannah Lane  1 , Kathleen J Porter  2 , Erin Hecht  2 , Priscilla Harris  3 , Vivica Kraak  4 , Jamie Zoellner  2
Affiliations

Kids SIP smartER: A Feasibility Study to Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among Middle School Youth in Central Appalachia

Hannah Lane et al. Am J Health Promot. 2018 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose: To test the feasibility of Kids SIP smartER, a school-based intervention to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs).

Design: Matched-contact randomized crossover study with mixed-methods analysis.

Setting: One middle school in rural, Appalachian Virginia.

Participants: Seventy-four sixth and seventh graders (5 classrooms) received Kids SIP smartER in random order over 2 intervention periods. Feasibility outcomes were assessed among 2 teachers.

Intervention: Kids SIP smartER consisted of 6 lessons grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, media literacy, and public health literacy and aimed to improve individual SSB behaviors and understanding of media literacy and prevalent regional disparities. The matched-contact intervention promoted physical activity.

Measures: Beverage Intake Questionnaire-15 (SSB consumption), validated theory questionnaires, feasibility questionnaires (student and teacher), student focus groups, teacher interviews, and process data (eg, attendance).

Analysis: Repeated measures analysis of variances across 3 time points, descriptive statistics, and deductive analysis of qualitative data.

Results: During the first intervention period, students receiving Kids SIP smartER (n = 43) significantly reduced SSBs by 11 ounces/day ( P = .01) and improved media ( P < .001) and public health literacy ( P < .01) understanding; however, only media literacy showed between-group differences ( P < .01). Students and teachers found Kids SIP smartER acceptable, in-demand, practical, and implementable within existing resources.

Conclusion: Kids SIP smartER is feasible in an underresourced, rural school setting. Results will inform further development and large-scale testing of Kids SIP smartER to reduce SSBs among rural adolescents.

Keywords: Appalachia; child or adolescent; feasibility; sugar-sweetened beverages.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Randomized crossover study design, participation rate, and sample size for Kids SIPsmartER feasibility study for middle school students in the Appalachian region of Virginia, 2015 to 2016.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kit BK, Fakhouri TH, Park S, Nielsen SJ, Ogden CL. Trends in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among youth and adults in the United States: 1999–2010. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(1):180–188. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Avery A, Bostock L, McCullough F. A systematic review investigating interventions that can help reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in children leading to changes in body fatness. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2015;28(suppl 1):52–64. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Evans EW, Haves C, Palmer CA, Bermudez OI, Cohen SA, Must A. Dietary intake and severe early childhood caries in low-income, young children. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013;113(8):1057–1061. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Imamura F, O’Connor L, Ye Z, et al. Consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and fruit juice and incidence of type 2 diabetes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimation of population attributable fraction. BMJ. 2015;351:h3576. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Xi B, Huang Y, Reilly KH, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of hypertension and CVD: a dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2015;113(5):709–717. - PubMed

Publication types

Substances