[Skin engineering for severe burns]

Abstract

Severe burned patients need definitive and efficient wound coverage. Outcome of massive burns has been improved by using cultured epithelial autografts (CEA). Despite fragility, percentages of success take, cost of treatment and long-term tendency to contracture, this surgical technique has been developed in few burn centres. First improvements were to combine CEA and dermis-like substitute. Cultured skin substitutes provide earlier skin closure and satisfying functional result. These methods have been used successfully in massive burns. Second improvement was to allow skin regeneration by using epidermal stem cells. Stem cells have capacity to differentiate into keratinocytes, to promote wound repair and to regenerate skin appendages. Human mesenchymal stem cells contribute to wound healing and were evaluated in cutaneous radiation syndrome. Skin regeneration and tissue engineering methods remain a complex challenge and offer the possibility of new treatment for injured and burned patients.

Keywords: Brûlures; Burns; Cell therapy; Cellules souches; Cultured epithelial autografts; Ingénierie cutanée; Peau; Skin; Skin engineering; Skin substitutes; Stem cells; Substituts cutanés; Thérapie cellulaire; Épidermes autologues de culture.