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Review
. 2017 Jul 3;8(1):1-17.
doi: 10.11138/ads/2017.8.1.001. eCollection 2017 Jan-Mar.

Classification review of dental adhesive systems: from the IV generation to the universal type

Eshrak Sofan  1 , Afrah Sofan  1 , Gaspare Palaia  1 , Gianluca Tenore  1 , Umberto Romeo  1 , Guido Migliau  1
Affiliations
Review

Classification review of dental adhesive systems: from the IV generation to the universal type

Eshrak Sofan et al. Ann Stomatol (Roma). .

Abstract

Adhesive dentistry has undergone great progress in the last decades. In light of minimal-invasive dentistry, this new approach promotes a more conservative cavity design, which relies on the effectiveness of current enamel-dentine adhesives. Adhesive dentistry began in 1955 by Buonocore on the benefits of acid etching. With changing technologies, dental adhesives have evolved from no-etch to total-etch (4th and 5th generation) to self-etch (6th, 7th and 8th generation) systems. Currently, bonding to dental substrates is based on three different strategies: 1) etch-and-rinse, 2) self-etch and 3) resin-modified glass-ionomer approach as possessing the unique properties of self-adherence to the tooth tissue. More recently, a new family of dentin adhesives has been introduced (universal or multi-mode adhesives), which may be used either as etch-and-rinse or as self-etch adhesives. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the current knowledge for each adhesive system according to their classification that have been advocated by many authorities in most operative/restorative procedures. As noted by several valuable studies that have contributed to understanding of bonding to various substrates helps clinicians to choose the appropriate dentin bonding agents for optimal clinical outcomes.

Keywords: adhesive systems; dental bonding agents; etch-and-rinse; self-etch; smear layer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The Evolution of Bonding Adhesives.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Adhesives by generations.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM: micrograph of smear layer.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Modern adhesive strategies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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