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. 2017 Sep;18(9):1490-1492.
doi: 10.15252/embr.201744428. Epub 2017 Jul 25.

Expanding the 3R principles: More rigour and transparency in research using animals

Kim Charles Aske  1 , Courtney Alice Waugh  2
Affiliations

Expanding the 3R principles: More rigour and transparency in research using animals

Kim Charles Aske et al. EMBO Rep. 2017 Sep.

Abstract

The implementation of the 3R in research using animals has already improved animal welfare and benefited science. Further progress could be achieved by expanding the 3R to include “Robustness” and “Reproducibility”.

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