Contemporary Antiplatelet Treatment in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Impaired Renal Function Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the clinical impact of impaired renal function (IRF), in "real-world" acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, receiving clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational, multicenter, cohort study of ACS patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) with IRF (creatinine clearance <60 mL/min by Cockroft-Gault equation), who were recruited into the Greek Antiplatelet Registry (GRAPE). Patients were followed-up until 1 year for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, and stroke) and BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) bleeding.

Results: Out of 2,047 registered patients, there were 344 (16.8%) with IRF. At the 1-year follow-up, MACE occurred in 18.6 and 6.2% of those patients with and without IRF, respectively: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.13 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.16-3.91), p = 0.02. IRF patients were also at higher risk of death and BARC type ≥2 and ≥3 bleeding: adjusted HR = 3.55 (95% CI 1.73-7.27), p = 0.001; HR = 2.75 (95% CI 1.13-6.68), p = 0.03; and HR = 6.02 (95% CI 2.30-15.77), p < 0.001, respectively. Combined MACE and BARC type ≥2 bleeding occurred in 34.0 and 14.0% of those with and without IRF, respectively: adjusted HR = 2.65 (95% CI 1.36-5.16), p = 0.004. At discharge, clopidogrel was more frequently prescribed in IRF patients (61.0 vs. 33.1%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Real-world ACS patients with IRF subjected to PCI demonstrate higher thrombotic and bleeding risks than patients with normal renal function.

Keywords: Clopidogrel; Cohort study; Impaired renal function; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Prasugrel; Ticagrelor.