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. 2017 Jul 19;9(7):771.
doi: 10.3390/nu9070771.

Self-Reported Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity in High School Students: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Affiliations

Self-Reported Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity in High School Students: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Antonio Carroccio et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Background: Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity (NCWS) has recently been included among the gluten-related disorders. As no biomarkers of this disease exist, its frequency has been estimated based on self-reported symptoms, but to date no data are available about self-reported NCWS in teenagers.

Aim: To explore the prevalence of self-reported NCWS in a group of high school students and to study their demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: The study was performed between April 2015 and January 2016 in two high schools of a coastal town in the south of Sicily (Italy). A total of 555 students (mean age 17 years, 191 male, 364 female) completed a modified validated questionnaire for self-reported NCWS. The subjects who self-reported NCWS were then compared with all the others.

Results: Seven individuals (1.26%) had an established diagnosis of CD. The prevalence of self-reported NCWS was 12.2%, and 2.9% were following a gluten-free diet (GFD). Only 15 out of 68 (23%) NCWS self-reporters had consulted a doctor for this problem and only nine (14%) had undergone serological tests for celiac disease. The NCWS self-reporters very often had IBS symptoms (44%).

Conclusions: Self-reported NCWS was found to be common in teenagers, with a frequency of 12.2%; the frequency of GFD use was 2.9%, which was much higher than the percentage of known CD in the same population (1.26%). A greater awareness of the possible implications on the part of the subjects involved, and a more thorough medical approach to the study of self-reported wheat-induced symptoms are required.

Keywords: IBS; epidemiology; food allergy; non-celiac gluten-sensitivity; prevalence; self-reported non-celiac wheat sensitivity; teenagers.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Symptoms caused by wheat ingestion in self-reported NCWS students (the percentage of subjects suffering from each symptom is shown). Multiple symptoms were reported in several subjects.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Time lapse between wheat ingestion and symptom appearance in self-reported NCWS subjects; (B) Duration of the symptoms after wheat ingestion in subjects with self-reported NCWS.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multiple correspondence analysis shows the relationship between some variables evaluated by the questionnaire including our variable of interest (self-reported NCWS). It identifies some similar groups of individuals following the parental social status (axis 1) and the gravity of symptoms (axis 2).

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