Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy: A case report

Abstract

Group A streptococcal (GAS) toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare life-threatening illness. Most reported cases have occurred in the post-partum period. Here, we report a rare case of a primigravid who developed GAS TSS in the third trimester. We also review the potential preventive measures and treatment modalities for this syndrome. A 29-year-old primigravid presented at 36 weeks' gestation with diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and fetal bradycardia. She underwent an emergency cesarean section and was subsequently diagnosed with GAS TSS. She had a complicated post-partum course marked by a 3-month hospital stay and major sequelae. Her infant died on post-partum day 4. GAS TSS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pregnant patients presenting with fever and rapid onset of septic shock. A consideration to treat GAS that is detected incidentally during routine screening for group B streptococcus is suggested.

Keywords: disseminated intravascular coagulation; group A streptococcus; maternal morbidity; pregnancy; streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.