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. 2017 Feb 20;10(2):203.
doi: 10.3390/ma10020203.

Improved Margins Detection of Regions Enriched with Gold Nanoparticles inside Biological Phantom

Yossef Danan  1   2 , Inbar Yariv  3   4 , Zeev Zalevsky  5   6 , Moshe Sinvani  7   8
Affiliations

Improved Margins Detection of Regions Enriched with Gold Nanoparticles inside Biological Phantom

Yossef Danan et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Utilizing the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) enables their use as contrast agents in a variety of biomedical applications for diagnostics and treatment. These applications use both the very strong scattering and absorption properties of the GNPs due to their SPR effects. Most imaging methods use the light-scattering properties of the GNPs. However, the illumination source is in the same wavelength of the GNPs' scattering wavelength, leading to background noise caused by light scattering from the tissue. In this paper we present a method to improve border detection of regions enriched with GNPs aiming for the real-time application of complete tumor resection by utilizing the absorption of specially targeted GNPs using photothermal imaging. Phantoms containing different concentrations of GNPs were irradiated with a continuous-wave laser and measured with a thermal imaging camera which detected the temperature field of the irradiated phantoms. By modulating the laser illumination, and use of a simple post processing, the border location was identified at an accuracy of better than 0.5 mm even when the surrounding area got heated. This work is a continuation of our previous research.

Keywords: gold nanorods; laser beam modulation; photothermal imaging; surface plasmon resonance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The experimental setup. GNR: gold nanorod.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) image of the GNRs with 37 nm length and 10 nm diameter and (b) normalized the absorbance spectra of the GNRs. The laser wavelength is shown by a red dashed line.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The temperature elevation as a function of illumination time using 808 nm laser for phantom with different concentrations of GNRs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Temperature change as a function of GNRs concentration for three different illuminations times: 5, 10 and 15 s.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Thermal images of the sample: (a) without irradiation; (b,c): after 5 and 10 s of continuous-wave (CW) illumination, respectively. It can be seen that the heated zone increased during the illumination time.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Temperature change as a function of time modulated by laser illumination for two different GNR concentrations: (a) 0.05 mg/mL; and (b) 0.07 mg/mL.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Temperature change as a function of frame number for GNR concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL and 20% duty-cycle laser illumination. The specific frames that were used in the proposed method are marked with a black x.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a,b) and (d,e) Thermal images of the maximum and minimum temperature for two successive cycles; (c,f) Subtractions between the maximum and minimum in each cycle; (g,h) Intensity profile of the cross-sections marked with red lines in (c,f) and (a), respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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