Solutions for Critical Raw Materials under Extreme Conditions: A Review
- PMID: 28772645
- PMCID: PMC5503360
- DOI: 10.3390/ma10030285
Solutions for Critical Raw Materials under Extreme Conditions: A Review
Abstract
In Europe, many technologies with high socio-economic benefits face materials requirements that are often affected by demand-supply disruption. This paper offers an overview of critical raw materials in high value alloys and metal-matrix composites used in critical applications, such as energy, transportation and machinery manufacturing associated with extreme working conditions in terms of temperature, loading, friction, wear and corrosion. The goal is to provide perspectives about the reduction and/or substitution of selected critical raw materials: Co, W, Cr, Nb and Mg.
Keywords: alloys; chromium; cobalt; composites; critical raw materials; extreme conditions; magnesium; niobium; substitution; tungsten.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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