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. 2016 Jun 9;9(6):460.
doi: 10.3390/ma9060460.

Immobilization of Magnetic Nanoparticles onto Amine-Modified Nano-Silica Gel for Copper Ions Remediation

Marwa Elkady  1   2 , Hassan Shokry Hassan  3 , Aly Hashim  4
Affiliations

Immobilization of Magnetic Nanoparticles onto Amine-Modified Nano-Silica Gel for Copper Ions Remediation

Marwa Elkady et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

A novel nano-hybrid was synthesized through immobilization of amine-functionalized silica gel nanoparticles with nanomagnetite via a co-precipitation technique. The parameters, such as reagent concentrations, reaction temperature and time, were optimized to accomplish the nano-silica gel chelating matrix. The most proper amine-modified silica gel nanoparticles were immobilized with magnetic nanoparticles. The synthesized magnetic amine nano-silica gel (MANSG) was established and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The feasibility of MANSG for copper ions' remediation from wastewater was examined. MANSG achieves a 98% copper decontamination from polluted water within 90 min. Equilibrium sorption of copper ions onto MANSG nanoparticles obeyed the Langmuir equation compared to the Freundlich, Temkin, Elovich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equilibrium isotherm models. The pseudo-second-order rate kinetics is appropriate to describe the copper sorption process onto the fabricated MANSG.

Keywords: amine-functionalized silica gel; copper remediation; equilibrium and kinetics modelling; nano-magnetic silica gel hybrid.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Magnetic performance of the fabricated magnetic amine-functionalized silica gel nano-hybrid material (MANSG).
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Chemical activation of silica gel.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Chemical functionalization of activated silica gel with silanol groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of chemical modification parameters on amine-functionalized silica gel copper sorption capacity. (A) Effect of reaction time; (B) effect of the variation of the solvent to silica gel ratio; (C) effect of the variation of the propyl triethoxy silane (APTS) to silica gel ratio; (D) effect of the reaction temperature. Solution concentration of copper ion = 100 ppm; amount of ANSG = 0.2 g; agitation time = 90 min; agitation speed = 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; pH = 7.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FTIR for amine-functionalized (dashed line) and magnetic immobilized functionalized (straight line) silica gel.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD spectrums of (A) amine-functionalized silica gel (ANSG) and (B) magnetic amine-functionalized silica gel (MANSG).
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD spectrums of (A) amine-functionalized silica gel (ANSG) and (B) magnetic amine-functionalized silica gel (MANSG).
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM morphological structure of (A) amine-functionalized silica gel (ANSG) and (B) magnetic amine-functionalized silica gel (MANSG).
Figure 6
Figure 6
TEM imaging of (A) amine-functionalized silica gel (ANSG) and (B) magnetic amine-functionalized silica gel (MANSG).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Isothermal M-H hysteresis curve of the magnetic amine-functionalized silica gel (MANSG).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Thermal profile of magnetic amine-functionalized silica gel (MANSG): (A) TGA; (B) DSC.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Comparable investigation of the influence of contact time on copper sorption process: (A) for both MANSG and its parent activated silica gel (Activated SG); (B) for both MANSG and its parent amine-functionalized nano-silica gel (ANSG). Solution concentration of ion = 1000 ppm; amount of adsorbent = 0.25 g; agitation speed = 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; pH = 7.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Effect of the MANSG dose on the copper sorption process (solution concentration of ion = 1000 ppm; time = 90 min; agitation speed = 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; pH = 7).
Figure 11
Figure 11
Effect of initial copper ion concentration on the copper sorption process using MANSG (time = 90 min; amount of MANSG = 0.25 g; agitation speed = 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; pH = 7).
Figure 12
Figure 12
Effect of copper solution pH on the copper sorption process using MANSG (solution concentration of ion = 1000 ppm; amount of MANSG = 0.25 g; agitation speed = 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; time = 90 min).
Figure 13
Figure 13
Effect of solution temperature on the copper sorption process using MANSG (solution concentration of ion = 1000 ppm; amount of MANSG = 0.25 g; agitation speed= 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; pH = 7; time = 90 min).
Figure 14
Figure 14
Desorption kinetics of copper ions from MANSG using 0.02 N EDTA.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Equilibrium isotherm models for the copper sorption process at different solution temperatures (amount of MANSG = 0.25 g; agitation speed = 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; pH = 7): (a) Langmuir isotherm model; (b) Freundlich isotherm model; (c) Temkin isotherm model; (d) Elovich isotherm model.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Kinetic models for the copper sorption process (solution temperature = 25 °C; amount of MANSG = 0.25 g; agitation speed = 200 rpm; solution volume = 25 mL; pH = 7): (a) pseudo-first-order rate model; (b) pseudo-second-order rate model; (c) the simple Elovich model.
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