Affiliations

• ¹ Lorraine University, EA 4360 APEMAC, Nancy, France; Nancy University Hospital, Infectious Diseases Department, Nancy, France; ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial stewardshiP (ESGAP). Electronic address: celine.pulcini@univ-lorraine.fr.
• ² University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland; London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom.
• ³ Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine 1, DZIF Centre, Tübingen University, Germany; European Committee on Infection Control (EUCIC).
• ⁴ ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial stewardshiP (ESGAP); University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
• ⁵ University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Division of Infectious Diseases, Dresden, Germany.
• ⁶ Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
• ⁷ Infection Control Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ⁸ Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, London, UK.
• ⁹ ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial stewardshiP (ESGAP); Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
• ¹⁰ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Sinai Health System, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
• ¹¹ Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK; British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC), Birmingham, UK.
• ¹² Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
• ¹³ ESCMID Study Group for Antimicrobial stewardshiP (ESGAP); IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
• ¹⁴ National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
• ¹⁵ Centre for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy, New Delhi, India.
• ¹⁶ Division of Infectious Diseases & HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.