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Observational Study
. 2018 Jan;46(1):204-218.
doi: 10.1177/0300060517721794. Epub 2017 Aug 8.

Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging for detecting pathological patterns in patients with lupus nephritis: a preliminary study using gray-level co-occurrence matrix analysis

Huilan Shi  1 , Junya Jia  2 , Dong Li  2 , Li Wei  2 , Wenya Shang  2 , Zhenfeng Zheng  2
Affiliations
Observational Study

Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging for detecting pathological patterns in patients with lupus nephritis: a preliminary study using gray-level co-occurrence matrix analysis

Huilan Shi et al. J Int Med Res. 2018 Jan.

Abstract

Objective Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) is a noninvasive technique useful in patients with renal disease. The current study was performed to determine whether BOLD MRI can contribute to the diagnosis of renal pathological patterns. Methods BOLD MRI was used to obtain functional magnetic resonance parameter R2* values. Gray-level co-occurrence matrixes (GLCMs) were generated for gray-scale maps. Several GLCM parameters were calculated and used to construct algorithmic models for renal pathological patterns. Results Histopathology and BOLD MRI were used to examine 12 patients. Two GLCM parameters, including correlation and energy, revealed differences among four groups of renal pathological patterns. Four Fisher's linear discriminant formulas were constructed using two variables, including the correlation at 45° and correlation at 90°. A cross-validation test showed that the formulas correctly predicted 28 of 36 samples, and the rate of correct prediction was 77.8%. Conclusions Differences in the texture characteristics of BOLD MRI in patients with lupus nephritis may be detected by GLCM analysis. Discriminant formulas constructed using GLCM parameters may facilitate prediction of renal pathological patterns.

Keywords: Blood oxygen level-dependent; gray-level co-occurrence matrix; lupus nephritis; magnetic resonance imaging; renal pathology; systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) and renal pathological images of kidneys. Representative MRI and Masson’s trichrome-stained and Periodic acid-Schiff–methenamine silver (PASM)-stained images from patients with class (a, e, i) III, (b, f, j) III + V, (c, g, k) IV, and (d, h, l) IV + V lupus nephritis. The BOLD MRI images are shown as pseudocolor maps. Blue represents the areas of lowest R2* values and oxyhemoglobin concentrations, whereas green, yellow, and red (in that order) represent increasing R2* values and higher oxyhemoglobin concentrations.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Discrepancy of four categorical gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters between groups with four pathological patterns of lupus nephritis and healthy volunteers. (a) GLCM parameters at 0°, (b) GLCM parameters at 45°, (c) GLCM parameters at 90°, and (d) GLCM parameters 135°.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Distribution map of group centroids and samples calculated by a discriminant formula.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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