Meta-Analysis

. 2017 Nov;72(5):747-754.

doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.015. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Genetic Variants Related to Longer Telomere Length are Associated with Increased Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Mitchell J Machiela¹, Jonathan N Hofmann¹, Robert Carreras-Torres², Kevin M Brown¹, Mattias Johansson², Zhaoming Wang³, Matthieu Foll², Peng Li², Nathaniel Rothman¹, Sharon A Savage¹, Valerie Gaborieau², James D McKay², Yuanqing Ye⁴, Marc Henrion⁵, Fiona Bruinsma⁶, Susan Jordan⁷, Gianluca Severi⁸, Kristian Hveem⁹, Lars J Vatten¹⁰, Tony Fletcher¹¹, Kvetoslava Koppova¹², Susanna C Larsson¹³, Alicja Wolk¹³, Rosamonde E Banks¹⁴, Peter J Selby¹⁴, Douglas F Easton¹⁵, Paul Pharoah¹⁵, Gabriella Andreotti¹, Laura E Beane Freeman¹, Stella Koutros¹, Demetrius Albanes¹, Satu Mannisto¹⁶, Stephanie Weinstein¹, Peter E Clark¹⁷, Todd E Edwards¹⁷, Loren Lipworth¹⁷, Susan M Gapstur¹⁸, Victoria L Stevens¹⁸, Hallie Carol¹⁹, Matthew L Freedman¹⁹, Mark M Pomerantz¹⁹, Eunyoung Cho²⁰, Peter Kraft²¹, Mark A Preston²², Kathryn M Wilson²¹, J Michael Gaziano²³, Howard S Sesso²¹, Amanda Black¹, Neal D Freedman¹, Wen-Yi Huang¹, John G Anema²⁴, Richard J Kahnoski²⁴, Brian R Lane²⁵, Sabrina L Noyes²⁶, David Petillo²⁶, Leandro M Colli¹, Joshua N Sampson¹, Celine Besse²⁷, Helene Blanche²⁸, Anne Boland²⁷, Laurie Burdette¹, Egor Prokhortchouk²⁹, Konstantin G Skryabin²⁹, Meredith Yeager¹, Mirjana Mijuskovic³⁰, Miodrag Ognjanovic³¹, Lenka Foretova³¹, Ivana Holcatova³², Vladimir Janout³³, Dana Mates³⁴, Anush Mukeriya³⁵, Stefan Rascu³⁶, David Zaridze³⁵, Vladimir Bencko³⁷, Cezary Cybulski³⁸, Eleonora Fabianova¹², Viorel Jinga³⁷, Jolanta Lissowska³⁹, Jan Lubinski⁴⁰, Marie Navratilova³², Peter Rudnai⁴¹, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska⁴², Simone Benhamou⁴³, Geraldine Cancel-Tassin⁴⁴, Olivier Cussenot⁴⁵, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita⁴⁶, Federico Canzian⁴⁷, Eric J Duell⁴⁸, Börje Ljungberg⁴⁹, Raviprakash T Sitaram⁴⁹, Ulrike Peters⁵⁰, Emily White⁵⁰, Garnet L Anderson⁵⁰, Lisa Johnson⁵⁰, Juhua Luo⁵¹, Julie Buring²¹, I-Min Lee⁵², Wong-Ho Chow⁴, Lee E Moore¹, Christopher Wood⁵³, Timothy Eisen⁵⁴, James Larkin⁵⁵, Toni K Choueiri¹⁹, G Mark Lathrop⁵⁶, Bin Tean Teh²⁶, Jean-Francois Deleuze⁵⁷, Xifeng Wu⁴, Richard S Houlston⁵⁸, Paul Brennan², Stephen J Chanock¹, Ghislaine Scelo², Mark P Purdue⁵⁹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MS, USA.
² International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
³ St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
⁵ Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
⁶ Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
⁷ QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
⁸ Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia; Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy; Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, USQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
⁹ HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Sweden.
¹⁰ Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
¹¹ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK.
¹² Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.
¹³ Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴ Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Oncology, and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁶ National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁷ Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
¹⁸ American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹⁹ Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁰ Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
²¹ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
²² Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
²³ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Administration, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁴ Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
²⁵ Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
²⁶ Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
²⁷ Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Evry, France.
²⁸ Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France.
²⁹ Center 'Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.
³⁰ Clinic for Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
³¹ International Organization for Cancer Prevention and Research (IOCPR), Belgrade, Serbia.
³² Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
³³ Second Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
³⁴ Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Czech Republic.
³⁵ National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.
³⁶ Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation.
³⁷ Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
³⁸ First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
³⁹ The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
⁴⁰ International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
⁴¹ National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary.
⁴² Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
⁴³ INSERM U946, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8200, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
⁴⁴ CeRePP, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Paris, France.
⁴⁵ CeRePP, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Urology, Hopitaux Universitaires Est Parisien Tenon, Paris, France.
⁴⁶ Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK; Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁴⁷ Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
⁴⁸ Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
⁵⁰ Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
⁵² Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵³ Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
⁵⁴ University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁵⁵ Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
⁵⁶ McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁵⁷ Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Evry, France; Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France.
⁵⁸ The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
⁵⁹ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MS, USA. Electronic address: purduem@mail.nih.gov.

PMID: 28797570
PMCID: PMC5641242
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.015

Meta-Analysis

Genetic Variants Related to Longer Telomere Length are Associated with Increased Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Mitchell J Machiela et al. Eur Urol. 2017 Nov.

. 2017 Nov;72(5):747-754.

doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.015. Epub 2017 Aug 7.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MS, USA.
² International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
³ St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
⁵ Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
⁶ Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.
⁷ QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
⁸ Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia; Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy; Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Saclay, UPS, USQ, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
⁹ HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Sweden.
¹⁰ Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
¹¹ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK.
¹² Regional Authority of Public Health in Banska Bystrica, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.
¹³ Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
¹⁴ Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Cancer Research Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
¹⁵ Department of Oncology, and Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
¹⁶ National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
¹⁷ Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
¹⁸ American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹⁹ Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁰ Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
²¹ Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
²² Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
²³ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Administration, Boston, MA, USA.
²⁴ Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
²⁵ Division of Urology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
²⁶ Van Andel Research Institute, Center for Cancer Genomics and Quantitative Biology, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
²⁷ Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Evry, France.
²⁸ Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France.
²⁹ Center 'Bioengineering' of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Scientific Center, Moscow, Russian Federation.
³⁰ Clinic for Nephrology, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.
³¹ International Organization for Cancer Prevention and Research (IOCPR), Belgrade, Serbia.
³² Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
³³ Second Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
³⁴ Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Czech Republic.
³⁵ National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.
³⁶ Russian N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation.
³⁷ Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Th. Burghele Hospital, Bucharest, Romania.
³⁸ First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
³⁹ The M Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
⁴⁰ International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
⁴¹ National Public Health Center, National Directorate of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary.
⁴² Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
⁴³ INSERM U946, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8200, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
⁴⁴ CeRePP, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Paris, France.
⁴⁵ CeRePP, Paris, France; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Paris, France; AP-HP, Department of Urology, Hopitaux Universitaires Est Parisien Tenon, Paris, France.
⁴⁶ Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, UK; Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Pantai Valley, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
⁴⁷ Genomic Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
⁴⁸ Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
⁴⁹ Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
⁵⁰ Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA.
⁵² Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵³ Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
⁵⁴ University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
⁵⁵ Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
⁵⁶ McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
⁵⁷ Centre National de Recherche en Genomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Evry, France; Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Paris, France.
⁵⁸ The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
⁵⁹ Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MS, USA. Electronic address: purduem@mail.nih.gov.

PMID: 28797570
PMCID: PMC5641242
DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.015

Erratum in

Corrigendum re "Genetic Variants Related to Longer Telomere Length are Associated with Increased Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma" [Eur Urol 2017;72:747-54].
Machiela MJ, Hofmann JN, Carreras-Torres R, Brown KM, Johansson M, Wang Z, Foll M, Li P, Rothman N, Savage SA, Gaborieau V, McKay JD, Ye Y, Henrion M, Bruinsma F, Jordan S, Severi G, Hveem K, Vatten LJ, Fletcher T, Koppova K, Larsson SC, Wolk A, Banks RE, Selby PJ, Easton DF, Pharoah P, Andreotti G, Freeman LEB, Koutros S, Albanes D, Mannisto S, Weinstein S, Clark PE, Edwards TE, Lipworth L, Gapstur SM, Stevens VL, Carol H, Freedman ML, Pomerantz MM, Cho E, Kraft P, Preston MA, Wilson KM, Gaziano JM, Sesso HS, Black A, Freedman ND, Huang WY, Anema JG, Kahnoski RJ, Lane BR, Noyes SL, Petillo D, Colli LM, Sampson JN, Besse C, Blanche H, Boland A, Burdette L, Prokhortchouk E, Skryabin KG, Yeager M, Mijuskovic M, Ognjanovic M, Foretova L, Holcatova I, Janout V, Mates D, Mukeriya A, Rascu S, Zaridze D, Bencko V, Cybulski C, Fabianova E, Jinga V, Lissowska J, Lubinski J, Navratilova M, Rudnai P, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Benhamou S, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Canzian F, Duell EJ, Ljungberg B, Sitaram RT, Peters U, White E, Anderson GL, Johnson L, Luo J, Buring J, Lee IM, Chow WH, Moore LE, Wood C, Eisen T, Larkin J, Choueiri TK, Lathrop GM, Teh BT, Deleuze JF, Wu X… See abstract for full author list ➔ Machiela MJ, et al. Eur Urol. 2018 Sep;74(3):e85-e86. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.05.017. Epub 2018 May 28. Eur Urol. 2018. PMID: 29853305 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

Abstract

Background: Relative telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes has been evaluated as a potential biomarker for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk in several studies, with conflicting findings.

Objective: We performed an analysis of genetic variants associated with leukocyte telomere length to assess the relationship between telomere length and RCC risk using Mendelian randomization, an approach unaffected by biases from temporal variability and reverse causation that might have affected earlier investigations.

Design, setting, and participants: Genotypes from nine telomere length-associated variants for 10 784 cases and 20 406 cancer-free controls from six genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of RCC were aggregated into a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) predictive of leukocyte telomere length.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Odds ratios (ORs) relating the GRS and RCC risk were computed in individual GWAS datasets and combined by meta-analysis.

Results and limitations: Longer genetically inferred telomere length was associated with an increased risk of RCC (OR=2.07 per predicted kilobase increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]:=1.70-2.53, p<0.0001). As a sensitivity analysis, we excluded two telomere length variants in linkage disequilibrium (R²>0.5) with GWAS-identified RCC risk variants (rs10936599 and rs9420907) from the telomere length GRS; despite this exclusion, a statistically significant association between the GRS and RCC risk persisted (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.36-2.21, p<0.0001). Exploratory analyses for individual histologic subtypes suggested comparable associations with the telomere length GRS for clear cell (N=5573, OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.50-2.49, p<0.0001), papillary (N=573, OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.01-3.81, p=0.046), and chromophobe RCC (N=203, OR=2.37, 95% CI=0.78-7.17, p=0.13).

Conclusions: Our investigation adds to the growing body of evidence indicating some aspect of longer telomere length is important for RCC risk.

Patient summary: Telomeres are segments of DNA at chromosome ends that maintain chromosomal stability. Our study investigated the relationship between genetic variants associated with telomere length and renal cell carcinoma risk. We found evidence suggesting individuals with inherited predisposition to longer telomere length are at increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.

Keywords: Genetic variants; Mendelian randomization; Renal cell carcinoma; Risk; Telomere length.

Published by Elsevier B.V.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Forest plot for associations of the telomere length associated genetic risk score with renal cell carcinoma risk. Odds ratios are scaled to predicted kilobase increase in telomere length. Combined association p <0.0001. Heterogeneity p =0.96. FE = fixed effects; IARC = International Agency for Cancer Research; MDA = MD Anderson Cancer Center; NCI = National Cancer Institute.

**Fig. 2**
Associations of telomere length genetic risk score (GRS) decile with renal cell carcinoma. Dashed line represents the baseline for the reference decile (lowest decile). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals around the odds ratio association for each GRS decile and renal cell carcinoma.

**Fig. 3**
The effect of each variant on telomere length and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. Estimates for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)--telomere and SNP--RCC associations are presented in Table 1. Error bars around each estimate are 95% confidence intervals around the β estimate. A best fit regression line (dashed line) and 95% confidence interval (shaded region) are plotted using the likelihood based estimate (odds ratio =2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.64–2.43, p < 0.0001).

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Longer Telomere Length and Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Casuscelli J, Hakimi AA. Casuscelli J, et al. Eur Urol. 2017 Nov;72(5):755-756. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.08.008. Epub 2017 Sep 18. Eur Urol. 2017. PMID: 28927584 No abstract available.

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Genetic Variants Related to Longer Telomere Length are Associated with Increased Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Affiliations

Genetic Variants Related to Longer Telomere Length are Associated with Increased Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma

Authors

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