Analysis of Urine Composition in Type II Diabetic Mice after Intervention Therapy Using Holothurian Polypeptides

Abstract

Hydrolysates and peptide fractions (PF) obtained from sea cucumber with commercial enzyme were studied on the hyperglycemic and renal protective effects on db/db rats using urine metabolomics. Compared with the control group the polypeptides from the two species could significantly reduce the urine glucose and urea. We also tried to address the compositions of highly expressed urinary proteins using a proteomics approach. They were serum albumins, AMBP proteins, negative trypsin, elastase, and urinary protein, GAPDH, a receptor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR), and Ig kappa chain C region. We used the electronic nose to quickly detect changes in the volatile substances in mice urine after holothurian polypeptides (HPP) fed, and the results show it can identify the difference between treatment groups with the control group without overlapping. The protein express mechanism of HPP treating diabetes was discussed, and we suggested these two peptides with the hypoglycemic and renal protective activity might be utilized as nutraceuticals.

Keywords: express mechanism; function; holothurian polypeptides; type II diabetes; urine.

Figure 1

Two-dimensional electrophoregram. C, Control group; M, model group; Me, positive drug group; A, A. molpadioides's polypeptide group; S, A. japonicus's polypeptide group.

Figure 2

Odor analysis of urine samples of db/db mice using electronic nose. C, Control group; M, model group; Me, positive drug group; A, A. molpadioides's polypeptide group; S, A. japonicus's polypeptide group. (Top) PCA; (Bottom) LDA.

Figure 3

Volatile compounds in the urine of db/db mice. C, Control group; M, model group; Me, positive drug group; A, A. molpadioides's polypeptide group; S, A. japonicus's polypeptide group.

Figure 4

Contents of metabolites in the urine of db/db mice. C, Control group; M, model group; Me, positive drug group; A, A. molpadioides's polypeptide group; S, A. japonicus's polypeptide group. I, Analysis of intersection of metabolites in each group; II, Alcohols; III, Amines. Additives; IV Organic acids; V, Sugar; VI, Amino acids; VII, Amino acid derivatives; VIII, Ammoniums; IX, Nucleic acids; X, Vitamins; XI, Additives; XII, Ketones.