Knowledge of pharmacy students about doping, and the need for doping education: a questionnaire survey

Abstract

Background: Anti-doping activities are carried out on a global scale. Based on these activities, the specialty of "sports pharmacist," which entails a deeper comprehension of doping, use of supplements, and appropriate drug use for athletes, was established in 2009 in Japan. It is difficult to say whether the education on doping is adequate for pharmacy students who will be eligible to become sports pharmacists. It is also unclear how well these students understand doping. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate pharmacy students' current knowledge of appropriate drug use, doping and use of supplements, and to explore the need for further education on these topics.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted from July 3rd to August 2nd in 2014 at Showa University in Japan. A total of 406 respondents (2nd- to 6th-year students) were assessed as eligible. Group comparison was used to compare those who had attended a lecture about doping and those who had not.

Results: Most of the students only knew the word doping and had not attended a lecture on the subject, but 72% of them expressed a desire to attend one. Over half did not know that the most common doping violation in Japan is unintentional doping, and were unfamiliar with certain past cases of doping. In addition, 41% did not know that over-the-counter medicines and dietary supplements might contain prohibited substances, and 87% were unaware that names of prohibited substances might not appear on the ingredient labels of dietary supplements. In contrast, attending a lecture on doping was effective in facilitating the acquisition of all these types of knowledge.

Conclusions: It is important to provide more opportunities for appropriate education of pharmacy students on the topic of doping, given that interest exists and attending a lecture on the topic appears to be useful. More education about doping for pharmacy students would be as effective for anti-doping activities as is education of athletes.

Keywords: Doping; Education; Pharmacy students recognition; Sports pharmacist.

Fig. 1

Results for general recognition of doping facts. a Q1 (n = 406). b Q2 (n = 386). c Q3 (n = 386). d Q3 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 81) and those who had not (n = 305) attended a lecture about doping. e Q4 (n = 386). f Q4 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 81) and had not (n = 305) attended a lecture about doping

Fig. 2

Results for recognition of past doping cases. a Q5 (n = 386). b Q5 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 81) and had not (n = 305) attended a lecture about doping. c Q6 (n = 386). d, e Q7 (n = 133). f, g Q7 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 35) and had not (n = 98) attended a lecture about doping. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01, statistically significant group differences

Fig. 3

Results related to knowledge of prohibited substances included in OTC medicines and dietary supplements. a Q8 (n = 386). b Q8 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 81) and had not (n = 305) attended a lecture about doping. c Q9 (n = 228). d Q9 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 69) and had not (n = 159) attended a lecture about doping. **p < 0.01, statistically significant group difference

Fig. 4

Results for the relationship between athletes and the medical professions. a Q10 (n = 374). b Q10 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 80) and had not (n = 294) attended a lecture about doping. c Q11 (n = 377). d Q11 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 80) and had not (n = 297) attended a lecture about doping

Fig. 5

Willingness to attend a lecture about doping in the future. a Q12 (n = 406). b Q12 group comparison comparing those who had (n = 81) and had not (n = 305) attended a lecture about doping