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Review
. 2017 Jul 15;9(7):268-280.
doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v9.i7.268.

Emerging molecular targets and therapy for cholangiocarcinoma

Hamzeh Kayhanian  1 , Elizabeth C Smyth  1 , Chiara Braconi  1
Affiliations
Review

Emerging molecular targets and therapy for cholangiocarcinoma

Hamzeh Kayhanian et al. World J Gastrointest Oncol. .

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare cancer arising from the biliary tree with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent large scale molecular characterisation studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in CCA which may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. In this review we explore the genomic landscape of CCA and examine results from trials of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy in this disease. Challenges in CCA diagnosis, treatment and trial design are discussed and we reflect on future directions which may lead to improved outcomes for CCA patients.

Keywords: Biliary tract cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma; Immunotherapy; MiRNA; Microenvironment; Molecular; Mutation; Stroma; Targeted therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: Smyth EC declares payment for advisory board participation from Five Prime Therapeutics and for an advisory role from Bristol Meyer-Squibb.

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