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Review
. 2013 Mar 8;6(3):941-968.
doi: 10.3390/ma6030941.

A Special Material or a New State of Matter: A Review and Reconsideration of the Aerogel

Ai Du  1   2 , Bin Zhou  3   4 , Zhihua Zhang  5   6 , Jun Shen  7   8
Affiliations
Review

A Special Material or a New State of Matter: A Review and Reconsideration of the Aerogel

Ai Du et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

The ultrahighly nanoporous aerogel is recognized as a state of matter rather than as a functional material, because of its qualitative differences in bulk properties, transitional density and enthalpy between liquid and gas, and diverse chemical compositions. In this review, the characteristics, classification, history and preparation of the aerogel were introduced. More attention was paid to the sol-gel method for preparing different kinds of aerogels, given its important role on bridging the synthetic parameters with the properties. At last, preparation of a novel single-component aerogel, design of a composite aerogel and industrial application of the aerogel were regarded as the research tendency of the aerogel state in the near future.

Keywords: aerogel; history; nanoporous; preparation; review; sol-gel; state of matter; tendency.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The distribution and transition of different states of matter in “density” vs. “enthalpy of the system” diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The classification of the aerogels.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The number of papers published every year.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Basic research scheme for the aerogel.
Figure 5
Figure 5
General scheme of traditional sol-gel method.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The scheme of the preparation of a carbonized RF (CRF) aerogel, activated CRF aerogel and diamond aerogel.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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